14. Al-Beruni contrasts contemporary Hindu exclusiveness with the receptivity of their ancestors but does not contrast Gita activism with the contemporary Hindu defeatist mentality before Mahmud ofGhazni, for the plausible reason that the former was not much stressed in contemporary India 15. I depend upon the Hindi translation ofJnaneshwari by Mayananda Chaitanya, published by Trayambak Hari Aavide, Poona, 1942 and the clarifications supplied by Professor S.V. Dan-dekar of Ramakrishna Ashram, Poona, in a special private communication. 16. The western scholar was more impressed by the idea of the indestructible soul than by the Gita's activism. Thus Emerson's verse translation, "If the killer thinks, he kills ...\ became famous enough to attract Rudyard Kipling to parody it. 17. Satyartha Prakash. Introduction. 18. Risely to Moreley, 13 May 1909, Moreley papers; quoted by D. Rothermundt in Politishe Willensbildung in Indien. 19. KM. Panikkar, Survey of Indian History, pp. 217-22. Much of this anti-middle class literature is summarized and referred to in my article *Graduates in the Public Services—A Comparative Study of Attitudes', Public Administration, London, Winter, 1957, p. 278 especially. 20. This was what Indian liberal leaders claimed for years and this was admitted by L5. Amery with his own proviso at the Imperial Co-operation League Private Discussion Dinner in London on 22 June 1910. 'If you held the examination on a single list, I think you would be bound to hold it in India as well and you might have the whole of your Indian Civil Service flooded by clever young babus who were able to cram up. That would be a disastrous result to the efficiency Of government in India.' (From a Report for limited circulation. Commonwealth Archives, Canberra). 21. The anti-middle class feeling of British administrators in India communicated itself to their counterparts in Africa and led to the use of traditional chiefs in government instead of educated Africans. See V. Subramaniam, Transplanted Indo-British Administration, Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi, 1977, Chapter 10. 22. KM. Panikkar, Survey of Indian History, p. 269. See also Christopher Isherwood, Ramakrishna and his Disciples. Chapter 21, especially pp. 324-27. 23. Re. the Arbuthnot Bank Case, see K.M. Balasubramania lyer.Life ofS. V. Krishnaswamy lyer (in Tamil), Madras. 24. Christopher Isherwood, op. cit., p. 325. For Vivekananda's favourable orientation towards American vigour, see p. 219. 25. Vivekananda, though he wrote about all the threeyogas of the Gita, slowly shifted the emphasis to Karmayoga —by his own life, by his more enthusiastic language on Karmayoga and by his constant appeal to nationalist and welfare activity. 26. V. Subramaniam, Cultural Integration in India, Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi, 1978, Chapter VIII. 27. Balgangadhar Tiiak.Bhagavad Gita Rahasya, translated by Balachandra Sitaram Sukthankar, Poona, 1935. See Chapters X and XI in particular. 28. Ibid., pp. 426-27. Tilak specifically criticizes Sankara and Ramanuja by name 29. Ibid., Chapter XI, draws support from practically all major Hindu philosophical works. 30. Vivekananda.Eastand W?5r,Advaitashrama,Nainital,pp. 3-5.ForMahadeoDesai'slistof^ar-mayogis, see his The Gita According to Gandhi, Navajivan Publishing House, Ahmedabad, 1951, pp. 118-20 142 Numbers 14-15