The Epic Melodrama The nationalism of the 'modest bourgeoisie' of course also meant other things to other people, as the long and tenuous history of Swadeshi into realism was recalled once more in a series of new shifts: so that if on the one side Satyajit Ray represented the most sophisticated version of indigenist realism, on the other there 70 was a specifically Nehruvian socialist realism: quoted by Mehboob Khan in his definitions of patriarchy in Mother India (1957), a film loaded with psychoanalytic symbology; exemplified by an actor like Balraj Sahni—especially in his classic tirade against Mao Zedong in Haqeeqat (1964: the war movie was dedicated to Nehru), which culminates with an Indian soldier bayoneting the Red Book; but represented most accurately, perhaps, in N.S. Thapa's Films Division documentary Bhakra Nangal in which the camera, in a breathtaking shot, hides inside the claws of a gigantic earth-moving crane to descend into the valley and rise to the sky. REFERENCES Bhide G.R. and Baba Gajbar, 1978, Kalamaharshi Baburao Painter, Meenal Prakashan, Kolhapur. Burch, Noel, 1990, Life To Those Shadows, British Film Institute, London. Chatterjee, Partha, 1986, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse, Oxford University Press, Delhi. Comolli, Jean-Louis, 1980, 'Machines of the Visible', in Teresa du Laurentis and Stephen Heath (ed.) The Cinematic Apparatus, Macmillan, London. Eisenstein, Sergei, [1929] 1949, 'The Cinematographic Principle and the Ideogram', in Jay Leyda (ed.), FUm Form, Harcourt Brace, London. Huyssen, Andreas, 1986, After the Great Divide: Modernism, Mass Culture, Postmodernism, Indiana University Press, Indiana. Indian Cinematograph Committee, 1927-28, 1928, Central Publications Branch, Government of India Publications, Calcutta. Mattelart, Michelle, Armand Mattelart and Xavier Delcourt, International Image Markets, Comedia Series 21, London. Phaike, Dadasaheb, 1917/18, 'Bharatiya Chitrapat' Series of four essays, in Navyug, Bombay, Nov./ Dec. 1917 and Feb./Sept. 1918; reproduced in Feroze Rangoonwala (ed), Phaike Commemoration Souvenir, Phaike Centenary Committee, Bombay, 1970. Report of the Film Enquiry Committee, 1951, Chairman: S.K. Patil, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Delhi. Sarkar, Sumi 1992, '"Kaliyuga", "Chakri" and "Bhakti": Ramakrishna and His Times', Economic and Political Weekly, Bombay: July 18. Sarkar, Sumit, 1983, 'Popular' Movements and 'Middle Class' Leadership in late Colonial India: Perspectives and Problems of a 'History from Below', Centre for Studies in Social Sdences/K.P. Bagchi. Sivathamby, K., 1981,'Hie Tamil FUm as a Medium of Political Communication, New Century Book House, Madras. Solanas, Femando and Octavio Gettino [1969] 1987, 'Towards a Third Cinema' in Coco Fusco (ed.), Selections from New Latin American Cinema, Hallwalls Contemporary Arts Center, Buffalo, New York. Tharu, Susie, 1992, Thinking The Nation Out', Journal of Arts and Ideas, Nos. 17-18, New Delhi, June. Journal of Arts & Ideas