INTENSIFIED CRISIS ^3 Gandhi were to be installed as president without any fear of removal by parliament! The people of America themselves have had a lot of trouble with their presidents. Nixon who abused his presidential position and violated the privacy and rights of other parties could not be easily removed. Besides, American presidents have involved their country into external wars, expeditions and murderous conspiracies—Vietnam, Bay of Pigs —without consulting the people, often by deceiving them. Antulay seems to b.^ obsessed with the idea of hunting down the judiciary, Jor in the interview quoted above he again observes that the American President is all powerful and says, "There the President could say as Roosevelt did—"I shall pack ihe Supreme Court with judges of my choice if they will not approve of my New Deal Legislation.' I do not think any Prime Minister in this country can say so/' Presidential form is openly equated here with the packing of the Supreme Court and that is what the sponsors of this form desiie. This is a call for open dictatorship of an individual for concentrating all powers in one hand. It is ridiculous to say that under our constitution power is not concentrated in the hands of the ruling party and its leader. Those who could impose emergency on the country and enslave a nation of 600 millions cannot make this ridiculous plea. Neither the USA president nor the French president could claim «mch powers even during war time. Experience shows that it is necessary to provide built- in defence in the constitution against the dictatorial ambitions of the leaders of the ruling party. The crisis of ihe capitalist path and the rise of authoritarian forces are accompanied by a growing conflict and attacks against the bourgeois parties also, against the multi-party system. Four decades back Dimitrov pointed out at the Seventh Congress of the Communist International: Comrades, the accession to power of fascism must not be considered in so simplified form, as though some committee or other of finance capital decided on a certain date to set up a fascist dictatorship. In reality fascism usually comes to power in the course of mutual, and at times, several struggles against the old bourgeois parties, or a definite section of these parties, in the course of a struggle even within the fascist camp itself—a struggle . which at times leads to armed clashes as we have witnessed in the case of Germany, Austria and other countries. This explains the need growingly felt by various sections