54 SOCIAL SCIENTIST of Materialism and Empiric-Criticism: "A number of writers, would-be Marxists, have this year undertaken a veritable campaign against the philosophy of Marxism In the course of less than half-a-year, four books devoted mainly and almost exclusively to attacks on dialectical materialism have made their appearance... . "All these people could not be ignorant of the fact that Marx and Engels scores of times termed their philosophical views dialectical materialism. Yet all these people who, despite the sharp divergence of their political views, are united in their hostility toward dialectical metcrialism, at the same time claim to be Marxists in philosophy!... In deed—a complete renunciation of dialectical meteria-lism, i.e. of Marxism; in word—endless subterfuges, attempts to evade the essence of the question, to cover their retreat, to put some m.'iterialist or other in place of materialism in general, and determined refusal to make a direct analysis of the innumerable materialist declarations of Marx and Engels....This is typical philosophical revisionism, for it was only the revisionists who gained a sad nolriety for themselves by their departure from the fundamental views of Marxism and by their fear, or inability, to 'settle accounts' openly, explicitly, resolutely and clearly with the views they have abandoned." (Pp 19-20. Emphasis added). All students of Lenin's writings know that every single piece he wrote—whether they are fairly big tomes lik^ Development of Capitalism in Russia, Imperialism, State and Revolution, and so on, or shorter propaganda material like What is to be Done, Two Tactics of Social Democracy and so on, or whether they are still shorter articles, notes, letters, and so on—were the weapons with which he fought non-proletarian ideologies and substantiated the proletarian Marxist theoretical positions. Development of Capitalism in Russia was produced in the course of the struggle against the anti-Marxist Narodniks. What is to be Done came out in the course of struggle against right opportunism on questions of organization. Fwo Tacrlcs, Imperialism, State and Revolution, Kautsky the Renegade, "Left-Wing" Communism, and so on, were all directed against revisionism and opportunism of one or anothr kind. Being a true Marxist, he defended the fundamental tenets of Marxism and, at the same time, further developed and enriched it in accordance with the changing situations and as required by the needs of the revolutionary movement. In the course of this struggle against the anti-Marxist trends among those who call themselves Marxists, he found what Chatto-padhyaya calls a "massive revival of idealism". Mach, Avenarius, Petzoldt and others had entered the field of philosophy, revivingthe