CENTRE-STATE RELATIONS 29 6 Victor S dark. History of Manufacturers in the United State. 1607-1860, p 404. Quoted in H A Faulkner, American Economic History, Harper International Edition (8th), p 240. 7 Marx and Engels, Selected Works, op cit., p 104. 8 HA Faulkner, op cit, pp 239-240. 9 Ibid, p257. 10 Ibid, p 74. We may also recall what Marx had written to Pavel VassilyevJch Annenkov in a letter dated December 28, 1846, referring to the slavery of the black races in Surr'nam, in Brazil, and in the southern States of North America: "Direct slavery is as much the pivot of our irdustrialism today as machinery, credit, etc. Without slavery no cotton; without cotton no modern industry. Slavery has given value to the colonies; the colonies have created world trade; world trade is the necessary condition of large scale machine industry. ... Without slavery North America, the most progressive country, would be transformed into a patriarchal land". Marx and Engels, Selected Works, op cit, p 675. 11 Vide Explanatory Notes No. 47, in "The Communist Manifesto" with Explanatory Notes by D Ryazanoff, op cit, p 152. 12 V;de written statement submitted to the Royal Commission on Decentralisation, 1907, in D G Karve and D V Ambekar (ed.). Speeches and Writings of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Vol IT, Asia Publishing House, 1966. p 254. 13 Vide C H Philips, Evolution of India and Pakistan, 1858-1947—Select Documents, EL BS and GUP, 1962, pp 171-172. 14 Ibid, p 342. 15 Ibid, p 343. 16 Vide Granvillc Austin, The Indian Constitution, CUP, Bombay, 1972, p 124. 17 Quoted in ibid, p 240. 18 See A T Lc\kovsky, Capitalism in India, P.P.H., 1966, for a study of the growth of Indian capitalism; see alsoV.L Pavlov, The Indian Capitalist Class, P.P.H., 1964. 19 D R Gadgil, The Industrial Evolution of India in Recent Tinier 1860-1939, OUP, Delh^, 5th Edn, Second Impression, 1973, p 253. 20 See Lcvkovsky, op cit, p 284. 21 Philips, op cit, pp 683-6S4, 22 Ibid, p 697. 23 Austin, op cit, p 189. Quoted from Indian Annual Register ]935, 31, p 226. 24 Ibid, p 190, quoted from Sapru Report, para 226, p 177. 25 Ibid, p 190. 26 D Sen, From Raj to Swaraj, Vidyodaya Library, 1954, p 285. 27 S R Maheshwari, Presidents Rule in India, Macmillan, Delhi, 1977, p 41. 28 The calculations are made from tables provided by S R Maheshwari, ibid, pp 18-20.