IMPERIALISM AND INDUSTRIALISATION IN UDC 31 Prospects, London, Macmillan, 1981, pp 11-74. 10 See in this connection V Cable, "Britain, the New Protectionism and Trade with the Newly Industrialising Countries", International Affairs, 55, January 1979, and F Welter, "Adjusting to Imports from Developing Countries", in H Glersch (ed.), Reshaping the World Economic Order, Tubingen, 1977. 11 For a discussion of the effects of microelectronics on developing countries, see J Rada, The Impact of Microelectronics, Geneva, International Labour Office, 1980, pp 87-102. 12 Deepak Nayyar, "Transnational Corporations and Manufactured Exports from Poor Countries", The Economic Journal, March 1978, pp 59-84. 13 Quoted in Sanjaya Lall, op cit, p 2105. 14 Deepak Nayyar, op cit, pp 64-67. 15 Ibid. and Sanjaya Lall, op cit, pp 2106-2107. Ib See Frobel, Heinrichs and Kreye, op cit,^ 183-290. 17 Roberto de Oliviera Campos and Raphael Valentine, "Theories of Diffusion and Dependency", in Christopher Saunders (ed ), The Political Economy of New and Old Industrial Countries, London, Butterworths, l981,p78. 18 See Frobel, Heinrichs and Kreye, op cit. 19 Fibres and Textiles: Dimensions of Corporate Marketing Structures, UNCTAD Secretariat, 1980, p 186. 20 However, even in the case of South Korea, only 12.2 per cent of their exports of textiles and apparel in 1979 was accounted for by foreign owned firms. Ibid, p St. 21 S Lall.o^ cit, p 2106. 22 Geoffrey Shepherd, "Industrial Strategics in Textiles and Clothing and Motor Cars", in Christopher Saunders (ed.), op cit, p 134-135. 23 Sub-contracting accounted for only 1.3 per cent of total manufactured exports in Federal Germany. 24 If E is the volume of employment in a sector, T its turnover from domestic production, A the amount of goods available domestically from this sector and M—X the corresponding import surplus, then it follows (with all values applying for one year) that by definition E^A—(M—X)/(T^E). Frobel et at form the Logarithmic derivation of this identity and on that basis estimate the relative contributions of the changes in import surplus and productivity to the changes in employment. In such a procedure the rate of growth of the market plays no role in the determination of employment. 25 Fibres and Textiles, op cit, p 174. 26 Ibid, p 170. 27 J Rada, op cit, pp 88-90.