72 SOCIAL SCIENTIST of the Chartists" (p 351). Chapter 6 on the emergence of Marxism and the birth of the Revolutionary Party of the proletariat and Chapter 4 on the forerunners of scientific socialism are two of the best written chapters of the volume. Marxism did not come out of the blue. Marxism appeard at a historical moment of rising proletarian struggle which sought at the same time a systematic formation of its own class ideology. The process witnessed a series of experiments, full of inconsistencies, inaccuracies, and topsy-turvy ideas. And certain doctrines, which this process had thrown up, were, however, separated from life. As Lenin pointed out, these "were not connected with the political movements of the people until largescale machine industry drew the mass of Proletarian workers into the vortex of political life, and until the true slogan of their struggle was found'9.7 And this true slogan was found in the philosophy of Marxism. Thus historical developments conditioned the possibility and necessity of a truly scientific system, Marxism, which became a theoretical instrument in the working class struggle for its emancipation, for remaking the society, for changing the world. Marxism was thus a logical fruition of the continuation of the class struggle of the proletariat and its search for a scientific and revolutionary outlook. It was, as Lenin pointed out, by no means "away from the high road of the development of world civilization". In the context of working class struggles in different countries, one of the most significant teachings of Marxism related to the establishment of correlation between the national and international. The founders of scientific socialism regarded the problem of the correlation as the relationship of the specific, pertaining to this or that individual nation, and the universal social, characteristic of social development in all countries. Marx and Engels regarded the national and social as a dialectical unity expressing the concrete historical unity of form and content in the development of the working class movement. The struggle of the proletariat is therefore national in form though international in content. This means, though not in substance, yet in form, the struggle of the proletariat with the bourgeoisie, is at first a national struggle. Marx and Engels obviously did not remain satisfied by propounding their revolutionary theories only. The founding of the International Working Men's Association in London in 1864 was the attempt by the founders of scientific socialism to build up an international organisation which would carry through the struggle for international emancipation of the working class, nay, the emancipation of humanity, by the working class. A class turned into a 'class for itself from *a class by itself is destined to accomplish this historical task. The authors very rightly point out, "The First International's