Social Scientist. v 1, no. 11 (June 1973) p. 16.


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16 SOCIAL SCIENTIST

influence' guarantees to the Indonesian peoples a proud and honourable role in the coming armageddon between imperialism and the embattled and heroic masses of South East Asia. In the mountains and jungles of Kalimantan, Sumatra, Irian Barat, Sulawesi and Java the vanguard prepares. South East Asia will no longer be the object of history. Its peoples will shortly resume their historical destiny and 'spheres of influence9 will become a nightmare of the past.

1 Adam Smith, Wealth of Motions (numerous editions). Book II, Chapter V; Book Iy Chapter IX; Book V, Chapter II; Smith's pioneering study is still worth serious attention for its insights into the inter -lelations governing domestic capital investment, the rate of profit domestically, overseas trade and foreign investment.

2 See G J Resink, Indonesians History Between the Myths, The Hague, 1968.

3 Assuming among readers some acquaintance with at least the principal works on modern European economic history including the on-going Fontana series, I restrict myself to drawing attention to the following useful reference works on South East Asian history : D G E Hall, A History of South East Asia, Third edition, London, 1968; D J Steinberg (ed.), In Search of Southeast Asia, London, 1971;

DJ MT'ate, The Making of Modern South-East Asia, Vol I, "The European Conquest", London, 1971 : There is, as yet, no satisfactory economic history of South East Asia.

4 J C Van Leur, Indonesian Trade and Society, The Hague, 1955; MAP Meilink-Roelofsz, Asian Trade and European Influence in the Indonesian Archipelago. The Hague, 1962.

5 For a useful summary see C R Boxer, "The Dutch Economic Decline" in Carlo M Cipolla (ed.) : The Economic Decline of Empires, London, 1970.

6 The extraordinary imperialist activities in Borneo may be approached through two orthodox bourgeois texts : K G Tregonning, A History of Modern Sabah, 1881-1963, Kuala Lumpur, 1965; Steven Runciman. The White Rajahs : A History of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946, Cambridge, 1960.

7 See Clive Day, The Dutch in Java, new edition, London, 1966; J S Furnivall, Netherlands India, Cambridge, 1944; M Caldwell, Indonesia, London, 1968.

8 Dutch official and military histories, while of course apologetics, nevertheless often yield invaluable information to the perceptive reader; see, for instance, E S de Klerck, History of the Netherlands East Indies, Rotterdam, 1938. Indonesian resistance to the Dutch continued throughout the colonial period—see, for instance, the interesting work by Sartono Kartodirdjo, The Peasants, Retolt of Banten in 1888, The Hague,1966.

9 Including coastal blockade and reconcentration of population.

10 See W F Wertheim, "Counter-insurgency research", Drie-Kwart Eeuw Geleden, paper prepared for a conference of the Netherlands Sociological and Anthropological Association, April, 1972; cf. the following unconsciously (?) ominous judgement made by Tate (see footnote 3 above) : "The epic resistance of the Achinese created a great stir in the world of Islam at the time and became a great source of inspiration to future Indonesian nationalists. This prolonged resistance was no doubt the result of the great bravery and devotion to the cause of faith and freedom that inspired the Achinese. It was also due in part to Dutch ignorance of the country and its people and their inability to assess how much control was necessary to be effective . . .", op. cit., pp 233-234.

11 See, for example G Kolko, The Politics of War, London, 1969, pp 246 et seq.

12 A good history and analysis of the British re-occupation and the so-called "Emergency'' remains to be written, though some relevant work is now in progress.



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