70 SOCIAL SCIENTIST social life. Instead of fighting the dark forces of communalism and casteism, the students themselves become tools in the hands of these forces. The students of Gwalior Division are no exception. They are divided along caste lines. Thakurs are very dominant because of their martial background. Being of landlord origin, most of the Thakur-students have association with reactionary groups. The national students' organisations like Students Federation of India, Vidhyarshi Parishad, Samajwadi Yuvajan Sabha and All India Students' Federation are just nominally represented in technical institutions. Unhealthy habits like alcoholic addiction, gambling and visiting prostitutes are on the increase among sections of students. Many students from landlord and business families, because of secure family incomes, are in no hurry to get through with the courses of study. These students indulge in goonda activities, terrorise other students and disrupt academic life in the compuses on flimsy excuses. They look for opportunities to pass examinations using unfair means. Until the early sixties when the stock of engineers was high, engineering students used to carry a superiority complex. They were not associating with the general body of the students on issues of common concern. \ Even in their own struggles against injustice, co-operation from students of other disciplines was not sought. Unemployment among engineers has brought about a sea-change in the mentality of engineering students. Now these students not only associate themselves with others on issues of common concern but at times give lead to other students by raising their voice for democratic causes. Administration The University Acts of Madhya Pradesh do not provide for democratic representation of teachers on any of the university bodies. Teachers from affiliated and constituent colleges of a university cannot contest for the membership of the Court even from Registered Graduates' Constituency, although they can register themselves as voters. Thus none of the three groups which have a direct concern with education namely, teachers, students and karmcharis, is involved in the decision-making of the university. Some teachers are the members of university bodies by virtue of their positions, but they do not represent the general will of the teachers. Students and karmcharis do not have even that kind of representation. In the statutes ofjiwaji University, Gwalior, there is provision for democratic representation of teachers on the managing committees of privately-managed colleges. The number of such representatives is a small fraction of the total membership of a managing committee. Most of the managements choose their favourites and yes-men as members of the committee. For example, there are no elected representatives of teachers on the Board of Governors, MITS, Gwalior. The teachers have been demanding this for a long time. Despite many representations in