24 SOCIAL SCIENTIST ixiovement originally confined to the peasantry. This paper was originally submitted in March 1982 for a seminar on agricultural labour at Hoshangabad. 1 Hermans Mukhia, "Was There Feudalism in Indian History?" presidential addicts to the Indian History Congress (Medieval India Section), 1980. 2 M H Dobb, Studies in the Development of Capitalism, London, Routledgc and Kegan Paul. 1946. 3 For a description of the revenue system see In an Habib, Agrarian System 9f Mughal India, Bombay, 1963. 4 T C Smith, Agrarian Origins of Modern Japan. 5 D D Kosambi, The Culture and Civilisation of Ancient India in Historical Outline, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965. 6 Irfan Habib, "Potentialities for Capitalist Development in the Economy of Mughal India", Enquiry, Winter 1971. Also Agrarian System ofMughal India, op cit. 7 Benedicte Hjejie, "Slavery and Agricultural Bondage in South India in the 19th Century", Scandinavian Economic History Review, Vol XV, Nos 1 and 2. 1967. 8 Karl Marx, Capital, Vol HI. "Genesis of Capitalist Ground Rent". 9 Dharma Kumar, Law and Caste in South India, Cambridge, 1965. 10 Surendra J Patel, Agricultural Labourers in Modern India and Pakistan, Bombay. 1952. 11 Utsa Patnaik, "The Development of Capitalism in Agriculture". Social Scientist, Vol I, Nos 2 and 3. 1972. 12 S C Gupta, "New Trends of Growth in Agriculture", Seminar, No 38, October 1962, and "Some Aspects of Indian Agriculture", Enquiry, No 6; Grigcry Kotorsky, Agrarian Reforms in India, New Delhi, 1964. 13 Michal Kalecki, "The Problem of Financing Econom'c Development", Indian Economic Review, 1952. 14 Report of the National Commission on Agriculture, 1975, Section XV on Agrarian Reforms. See also Planning Commission, Progress of Land Reforms, Delhi, 1963, and Implementation of Land Reforms—A Review, 1966. 15 Based on a number of evaluation reports sponsored by the Research Programmes Committee of the Planning Commission, which had a common format of a sample survey 'before* and 'after' a law was implemented. The reports include: A M Khusro, Economic and Social Effects of Jagirdari Abolition and Land Reforms in Hyderabad, Osmania University Press, 1957; G Parthasarathy and B Prasada Rao, Implementation of Land Reforms in Andhra Pradesh, Calcutta. 1969; V M Dandekar and S S Khadanpur. A Study of the Bombay Tenancy Act, 1948; K R Nanekar, Land Re forms in Vidarbha, Calcutta. 1968; Baljit Singh and Sndhar Mishra, A Study of Land Re forms in Uttar Pradesh, Calcutta, 1964; Dool Singh, Land Re forms in Rajasthan, Pilani, 1964; R R Mishra. Effects of Land Reforms in Saurashtra, Bombay, 1961; B D Misra, Land Reforms in Orissa. 16 R Thamarajakshi, "Intersectoral Terms of Trade and Marketed Surplus in Agriculture, 1951-1952 to 1965-1966". Economic and Political Weekly, Vol IV. No 26. The author has subsequently updated the calculations to 1975-1976. 17 Utsa Patnaik, "Organisational Basis of Indian Agriculture with special reference to the Development of Capitalist Production", unpublished thesis, Oxford. 1972. 18 See Sheila Bhalla, "Changing Relations of Production in Haryana Agriculture", Economic and Political Weekly, Vol XI, No 13, March 27. 1976.