66 SOCIAL SCIENTIST
that did not help them or their family members to rise in the social strata in Surat city. In other words, the person with lower socio-economic status in the village remained in the lower social strata in the city. Migration to city did not help them much to change their status.
Thus, our observations reveal that those who are in lower positions in the village remain in lower positions in the city and those who are in higher positions in the village remain in higher positions in the city. It may be that the standard of living may be a little better in the city than in the village, and that might be affecting a person as he becomes a member of a larger, heterogeneous and differentiated ^ social unit. The upward social mobility of a scheduled tribe group is really of a section of the group. The lower section is mobile but it gets into a qualitatively different community—a community of urban wage earners. Socially it remains at the lower level.
S P PUNALEKAR
Centre for Social Studies, Surat.