64 SOCIAL SCIENTIST 2 Prakash Karat, Language and Nationality Politics in India, Madras, 1973; P R Brass, Language, Religion and Politics in North India, Delhi, 1974; Gail Omvedt, Cultural Revolt in Colonial Society: The Non-Brahman Movement in Western India 1873-1930, Bombay, 1976; Barun De, "Complexities in the relationship between nationalism, capitalism and colonialism", in D Ghattopadhyay (cd), History and Society: Essays in Honour of Professor Niharranjan Ray, Calcutta, 1976, pp 479-512; Myron Weiner, Sons of the Soil: Migration and Ethnic Conflict in India, Princeton, 1983; Bipan Ghandra, Nationalism and Colonialism ' in Modern India, New Delhi, 1979; A R Kamat, "Ethno-linguistic issues in Indian federal context", Economic and Political Weekly, Vol 15, June 14-21, 1980, pp 1053-1066; David Hardiman, Peasant Nationalism in Gujarat: Kheda District 1917-1934, Delhi, 1981; B I Kluyev, India: National and Linguistic Problem, Delhi, 1981; A A Prazauskas, Northeast India, Ethnic Situation and Politics (in Russian), Moscow. 1981; Sumit Sarkar, Modern India 1886-1947, Delhi, 1983; Javcd Alam, "Dialectics of capitalist transformations and national crystallization: the past and the present of national question in India", Economic and Political Weekly, Vol 18, January 29, 1983, pp PE29-PE46, etc. 3 Partha Chatterjee, "Bengal: Rise and Growth of a Nationality", Social Scientist, Vol 4, No 1, August 1975. According to the author, the sprouting of tlie Bengali 'nationality' occurred roughly during 8th-14th centuries, ibid, pp 70-71. We do not share this view. 4 Ranajit Guha, Elementary \spect\ of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India, Oxford University Press, 1983. 5 R P Dutt, India Today, 1940; 2nd Ind. edn, Calcutta, 1970. pp 285-291; A R Desai, Social Background of Indian Nationalism, Bombay, 1948, 4th edn. 1966, pp 158-159 and 433-441; Irfan Habib, "Emergence of Nationalities", Social Scientist, Vol 4, No 1, August 1975, pp 14-20. 6 Niharranjan Ray, Nationalism in India, Aligarh, 1973, pp 14-39. 7 AM Dyakov, "Historical significance of sectarian movements in India in the XV-XVII centuries", paper presented at the 23rd International Congress of Orientalists, Moscow, 1954, pp 19-20. 8 Quotes from E M S Namboodiripad, "The Indian National Question: Need for Deeper Study", Social Scientist, Vol 10, No 12, pp 63-69. 9 Dutt, n 5, pp 283 and 306; Desai, n 5, pp 158, 311 and 433; Sarkar, n 2, pp 2-3 and 44. 10 Quotes from Namboodiripad, n 8, p 63 for his latest views. See also his Kerain Society and Polities'. A Historical Survey, New Delhi. 11 Karl Marx, "The revolt in the Indian army". New York Daily Tribune, July 15, 1857. 12 "Translation of a petition presented in person by Moneeram Dutt Borwah Dewan, on account of Ghunnokanth Singjoobaraj and others", in A J MofTat Mills, Report on the Province of Assam, Calcutta, 1854, pp Seebsagur— Ixv-Ixxix. 13 Ibid. 14 Ibid', H K Barpujari, Assam in the Days of the Company, 1826-1858. Gauhati, 1963, pp 163-185; H A Antrobus, A History of Assam Company 1839-1853, Edinburgh, 1957, p 96, and Benudhar Sharma, The Rebellion of 1857 vis-a'zis A^sam, Gauhati, 1957, pp 40 and 75. 15 Quote from the Hindoo Patriot, Calcutta, October 21, 1858: editorial comment by Sisir Kumar Ghosh on the trial of Phadke in the Amrit Bazar Patrika, November 13, 1879. In an article published in 1877, 16-years old Rabindranath Tagore castigated imperialist historiography for not treating the 1857 revolts as a national uprising against a foreign power and projected Tantia Topi, Kunwar Singh and the Rani of Jhansi as national heroes. "Jhansiir Rani", in Bharatii (in Bengali), Agrahayan, 1284 B S; later reproduced in Rabindra Rachanavalii, Vol 13 (Centenary edn), W R Govt, Calcutta, pp 464-469. 16 Marx-Engels, Werke, Berlin, 1968, Vol 13-s. 581 and Vol 16-s. 157, cited in PN Fedoseyev, Leninism and the National Question, Moscow, 1977, p 51.