PROBLEMS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT 59 Even in the field of small industries, the impact of imperialism through multinational corporations is felt. Thus some multinational corporations operate small industries in India under the rubric of ancillaries This means that the indigenous small entrepreneur has to compete with a world monopoly. The consequence of such unequal competition for indigenous industries can only be ruin. An interesting aspect of imperialism relates to what is popularly described as "brain drain". From Punjab and Haryana' particularly, many highly educated and skilled persons regularly migrate to developed countries. It is often said that this confers in return matching benefit in the form of inward remittances by these persons* While it is true that the remittances are a help to poor relatives, the loss to our underdeveloped society through the drain of highly educated and skilled persons may be much greater. Underdevelopment and brain drain together constitute a vicious circle. The absence of»doctors, engineers, farm scientists, teachers, nurses and other educated and skilled persons in our villages accentuates their underdevelopment; and the very state of underdevelopment implies that the pull exerted on skilled personnel from the advanced capitalist counties is found almost irresistible. We have seen that the peculiar underdevelopment of the rural areas of India results from the telescoping of the phenomena of colonialism, feudalism, capitalism and imperialism. Thus India continues to be exploited by the West; within India the city exploits the village, and within the village the landlords and the capitalist farmers exploit the petty tenants and the labourers. The worst sufferers of course are at the bottom—the landless labourers, and marginal and small farmers who are always in danger of losing their land. It is this section of the population above all which can, therefore, be really interested in bringing about a change in the social formation. The way to development therefore lies through making this section powerful and through the assertion of its power. Power can result from organization alone. Hence the right way to begin rural development is to organize the rural poor. 1 Government of India, Sixth Five Tear Plan, 1980-85, p 114 2 Report of the National Commission on Agriculture, New Delhi, 1976, p 65. 3 Ibid, p 67. 4 Sixth Five Tear Plan, p 114. 5 Report of the National Commission on Agriculture, p 7o. 6 G S Bhalla and G K Chadha, Green Revoluton and the Small 'Peasants, New Delhi, 1983, p 34. 7 Satya Deva, "Distribution of Essential Commodities through the Public Sector", presented at the XXXVI Indian Political Science Conference, Jodhpur, 1976. 8 G S Bhalla and G K Chadha, op cit, p 134. 9 Sixth Five Tear Plan, p 200. 10 Satya t)c^a, "Establishment of Industrial Estates in Jndia", Journal of Administration Overseas, London, Vol XV, No 3, 1976. 11 Sixth Five Tear Plan, p 195. 12 Ibid, p 191.