22 SOCIAL SCIENTIST NOTES AND REFERENCES 1 For these and other similar estimates of Marx by bourgeois economists see Maurice Dobb, Theories of Value and Distribution since Adam Smith, Cambridge University Press, 1973, pp. 141-2. 2 Dobb, op. ci(., pp. 137-141; an extensive treatment of the views of Ricardian Socialists is to be found in Marx's Theories of Surplus Value, Part III, Ch XXI 3 Marx, op. cit., p 263 (Lawrence and Wishart, 1972). 4 Lionel Robbins, The Nature and Significance of Economic Science, London, 1935 5 Marx, Theories of Surplus Value, Part II, Ch. XVII 6 Joan Robinson, "Kalecki and Keynes," in Collected Economic Papers Vol IIy (Blackwell, 1975) 7 For this last point, see Kalecki, "Political Aspects of Full Employment" in Selected Essays on the Dynamics of a Capialist Economy, Cambridge 1971 8 Roy Harrod, Towards a Dynamic Economics, London, 1948, which carried forward his earlier argument developed in an article in Economic Journal, 1939 9 E.D. Domar, "Expansion and Employment," American Economic Review, March 1947 10 For a recognition of this point, see Joan Robinson, "Marx, Marshall and Keynes" in Collected Economic Papers Vol II, (Blackwell, 1975) 11 J.M. Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, (Macmillan 1949), p. 131 12 Marx, Capital, Vol I. (Lawrence and Wishart), p. 640 13 Marx, Capital Vol III, (Progress Publishers, 1974), p. 189 14 Ibid, p. 198 15 Institutionalism as a tendency in economics was particularly in vogue in the United States in the 1920s and 30s through the writings of Thorskin Veblen, John R. Commons and Wesley C. Mitchell. Although institutionalism never became a major school of economic thought, it exerted considerable influence through the works of R.H. Tawney, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, and continues to do so through J.K. Galbraith and others; Gunnar Myrdal (Asian Drama) explicitly espouses an Institutionalist position. While Institutionalism emphasises the influence of changing customs and institutions and seeks to explain economic problems at least partly in terms of broader social and cultural phenomena, much of it is of a descriptive character, and in any case quite far removed from historical materialism.