40 SOCIAL SCIENTIST 27 Guha, Cambridge Economic History, op cit, p 503 28 Ibid, pp 502-503; also his "Tribalism to Feudalism in Assam, 1600-1750", Indian Historical Review, Vol I, 1974. 29 Amalenda Guha, Occ Paper, No 19, op cit^ p 11. 30 S C Dutta, The North-East and the Mughals, 1661.1784, 1984, intro, p 24. 31 Padmeshwar Gogol, The Tai and the Tai Kingdoms, 1968, p 356. 32 Ibid. p 357. 33 Ibid. 34 Dutta, op cit, p 24. 35 A R Khan, Chieftains in the Mughal Empire During the Reign of Akbar, 1977, especially the intro and the conclusion. It is worth noting here that while centralising and uniformly regulating the revenue assessment and collection framework, in all the newly conquered subas, and revamping the judicial adminiitration concomitant with it, the Mughal emperors, by and large, left local customs and social relations undisturbed. 36 See Tapan Raychaudhuri, "The State and the Economy", in Raychaudhuri and Habib (ed). The Cambridge Economic History, op cit, p 178; alsoR P Rana, "Agrarian Revolts in Northern India during the Late Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries", Indian Economic and Social History Review, XVIII,3 & 4. 37 See for example, Irfan Habib, Agrarian System of Mughal India (1963) and his "Forms of Class truggle in Mughal India", Aligarh Muslim University, Dcpt. of History; mimeo, p 47. R P Rana, op cit, reinforces this position in his study of agrarian unrest in subas of Agra and Ajmcr. 38 Irfan Habib. "Forms of Class...", op cit, pp 54-55. 39 Congress Socialist, December 26, 1936. 40 Karl Marx, "Appendix: The Results of the Immediate Process of Production" in Capital, Vol I, Harmondsworth. Also see Part III, "The Production of Absolute Surplus Value", Part IV. "The Production of Relative Surplus Value*, in ibid. 4) Guy Bois, 'Against the Neo-Malthusian Orthodoxy: Symposium on Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development in Pre-industrial Europe", Past and Prsent, no 79, 1978. pp 67-69. 42 "Forms which precede capitalist production", in Marx, Grundrisse, Harmondsworth 1973, pp 471-475, translated by Martin Nicolaus. 43 'Introduction* in Hobsdawm (ed)> Karl Marx: Precapitalist Economic Formations, New York, 1972, p 43; Jacques Texicr, *Le privilege cpistemologiquc du present et la necessite du moment gcnetique dans les Grundrisses deKarl Marx", La Pensee, no 225. 1982, pp 40-52. I am grateful to Sangeeta Singh for researching and discussing the Franch texts with me. Also see Sudipta Kaviraj "On the Status of Marx's Writings on India", Social Scientist, Vol 11, No 9, September 1983, pp 36-41. 44 Marx in Hobsbawm (ed.) op cit 9 pp 80-81. 45 G E M de Ste Croix, The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World, London, 1981. 46 Marx in Hobsbawm (ed.), op cit, pp 77-78. 47 Ibid, pp 85-88. Emphasis added. 48 Marx and Engels, "The German Ideology", in Hobsbawm (ed), op cit. pp 122-125. Emphasis added. 49 J^W,pp88,90. 50 E Evans-Pritchard, The J^fuer, New York, 1978, p 190. 51 George Dupre and Pierre Philippe Rey, "Reflection on the Relevance of a Theory of the History of Exchange", in Seldon (ed). Relations of Production: Marxist Approaches to Economic Anthropology, London, 1978, pp 171-208. 52 For a study of exploitation based on sexual domination, see Maurice Godclicr, La production des Grands Hommes: Pouvoir et Domination Masculine Cheziles Baruya de Nou-velle Guinee, Fayard, 198. 53 Tcrray, op cit, p 126. 143-145.