34 SOCIAL SCIENTIST tribals and non-tribals. In a further bid to break this unity, the state attempted to write to some of the Bhils. The Bhomat Chief reported that the concessions pacified the Bhils. But it was later realised by the officials that "the concession satisfied none. The Bhils have obtained no satisfaction at all".19 The discontented Bhils were further aroused in the name ofGandhi. Motilal was reported to be telling the Bhils that with the triumph ofGandhi, all exactions on the Bhils would end. The Bhils would have to pay only one anna in a rupee; but they would be cursed if they refused to follow him.-'" Thus Motilal gave the impression that it was the absolute obedience of the Bhils to him which would permit "Gandhi Raj" to come. But his call of absolute obedience to him and the threat that they would be otherwise cursed, did not conform to the Gandhian approach. Posture ot Violence Motilal and the Bhils also did not adhere to the ways of non-violence. For instance, in December 1921, he along with a large number of Bhils beat up three revenue officials in the Jhalore thikana (Mewar) while they were collecting revenue. He snatched away from them the amount they had collected. Similar acts of violence took place in the surrounding areas. The Bhils inhabiting Panurwa, Jawas and Para and numbering several hundred became ready for a confrontation and refused to pay state revenue. They gave a call to their brethren in the adjoining areas to undertake similar actions by sending them bangles of lac, and arrows, which was their traditional means of communication. Although the political Superintendent of the Hilly Tracts proceeded with force to quell the movement of the Bhils, he was instructed to avoid confrontation in view of the gravity of the situation. Hence Wilkinson called the respective chiefs and advised tfierh'to summon the village headmen and announce some concessions, principally the remission of all rasad and begar except for the chiefs and their families and for the British officials on duty who would pay remuneration for it.21 So far as the politics of violence is concerned the Bhils were no exception. The other tribal movements too present the same story of deviation from the Gandhian path of non-violence. The Gonds in offering resistance to the forest laws broke the barriers of non-violent politics. The Koyas> and Jatapus of the Rampa region adopted the same course. Allun Sriram Raju waged guerilla warfare. Raju, clad in khddi, in a meeting of the local officials, expressed his high regards and admiration for Gandhi, yet he maintained that violence was necessary.22 The Sirohi state felt the impact of the non-cooperation movement which gradually penatrated into the tribal villages. The nationalists were active in mobilising the Bhils who refused payment of rent and defied the authorities. As the idea of non-cooperation gained popularity among the Bhils, the state was compelled to adopt counter measures. The Sirohi state appointed Pandit Rama Kant Malaviya, who was the son of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, as Chief Minister. It was expected that he would exercise political control through his father over the nationalists who were fomenting the non-cooperation movement in the state. An official rightly remarked about the arrangement that it was "...setting a thief to catch a thief \1^ It is a different matter that the Chief Minister failed to prevent the nationalists from spreading the message of non-cooperation in the state and hence incurred the displeasure of the rulers.24 The non-cooperation movement brought to the forefront the agrarian grievances of the Bhils. The no-rent payment programme of the non-cooperation movement