MIGRANTS IN COAL MINES 43 10 dp. cit., p. 32; sec also RCU Evidence, vol. V, Pt. I, p. 34. 11 Mukhepjee, op. cit., pp. 250-1. 12 LIC Report on Coal, p. 32. 13 Ibid, p. 33. 14 B.R. Seth, op. cit, p. 244; and BLEC Report, vol.11 p. 365. 15 LIC Report on Coal, p. 85. The managers were, however, not in favour of prohibition (ibid, p. 85). It is revealing to note that in the early days of the industry the managements often sup plied foreign liquor to mine workers^o induce them to report to mining work. (See Bengal Coal Co. records). 16 RCIL Evidence, vol. V, Pt. I, pp. 34, 86. 17 For an account of health conditions in the Asansol Mining Settlement area in the 10 years 1918-1927 see RCIL Evidence, vol. V, Pt. 7, 'Report on the Housing and Health Conditions of the Eight Collieries in the Aramol Minin^Area', pp. 32-3; and for those in thejharia area in the 5 years 1924-1929 Ibid, vol. IV, Pt. I, p. 27. 118 Mukherjee, op. cit., p. 251. 119 Simmons, 'Working Conditions, Accidents, and 'Protective' Labour Legislation...', he. cit., pp. 191-6. 120 Ibid, p. 190. 121 RCU Evidence, Vol. IV, Pt. I, p. 244. 122 Ibid,, p. 214. 123 Here lies a contrast with employers' attitude in USA, Britain and many of West European countries. 124 Whether it was really cheap and further, even if cheap, then cheap in what sense are complex issues requiring more critical discussion. Cf. Michael Burawey, 'Migrant Labour in South Africa and the United States' in Theo Nicols (eds). Capital and Labour, Fontana paperbacks, 1980, pp. 140-3. 125 Coalfields Committee Report 1920. For aspects of rural links ofjute labour see n. 41 above and of tea plantation labour R. Das Gupta, 'From Peasants and Tribesmen to Plantation Workers : Colonial Capitalism and Reproduction of Labour Power and Prolatarianization in North-East India (Early 1850s to 1947), mimeo, presented to a Seminar organised by NEICSSR, Shillong, February, 1985. 126 Cf. Simeon, op. cit. 127 See, for example, the history of protective legislations as presented by Simmons, op. cit., pp. 190-96. 128 Cf. Kalpana Ram, 'The Indian working class and the peasantry: A review of current evidence on interlinks between the two classes' in Arvind Das et al. (eds.), op. cit., p. 183. 129 Coalfields Committee Report 1920, ch. V, para 53. 130 LIC on Coal, p. 29. 131 Ibid, p. 26. 132 Ibid, p. 26. 133 Ibid, p. 24. 134 See Morris David Morris, 'The Growth of Large-Scale Industry to 1947' in Cambridge Economic History of India, vol. II, pp. 653-55. 135 Cf. Lalita Chakraborty, 'Emergence of an Industrial Labour Force in a Dual Economy-British India, 1880-1920', IESHR, vol. XV, No. 3, pp. 249-305. 136 Gutman, op. cit., pp. 13-4. 137 Cf. Charles van Onselen» 'Workers Consciousness in Black Miners: Southern Rhodesia, 1900-1920' in Cohen et al (eds.), op. cit, pp. 114-18. A similar point was made by Anjan Ghosh in a talk given to a Seminar on Labour History organised by the History Department, Calcutta University. 138 Cf. Arrighi, 'International Corporations etc*, in op. cit, pp. 113-14.