URBANISATION IN SOUTH INDIA lit 156. 264 of ARE 1943-44; 381 of ARE 1939-40; Pudukkottai State Inscription^ 1022. 157. These stations have been described as a string of Hoysala fortresses from Kundani in the Hoysala region to Ramesvaram on the south eastern coast, to Tiruvannamalai in the north and Mannargudi in the Kaveri delta region holding the core of the Tamil country within a triangular military nexus. See K.R. Venkataraman, The Hoy solas in the Tamil Country, p. 47. References to Padaipparru as a revenue unit meant for the army, Padaividu or cantonment and special levies for the maintenance of forts, cavalry and elephant crops are also frequent in Pandya records. SIJ, VII, 145 ; XVII, 141 and 145 and so on. 158. Elliot and Dowson, The History of India as Told by its own Historians,!,^. 69-70. See Also K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, The Pandyan Kingdom, p. 147. M. Balasubrahmanyan, Administration and Social Life under the Later Pandyas Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, Madurai Kamaraj University, 1985, Chap VIII. 159. Vijaya Ramaswamy, op. cit., 1985, pp. 38-40. 160. This may be seen as a step towards "proto-industrialisation", a theory recently advanced for the late medieval and pre-colonial period in South Asia. Frank Perlin, ^Proto-Industrialisation and Pre-Colnoial South Asi&'\Past and Present, No. 98, 1983. Also Vijaya Ramaswamy, "Artisans in Vijayanagar Society, JESHR, 22. No. 4 ; 1985 ; Idem. "The Genesis and Historical Role of Master Weavers in South Indian Textile Production" JESHO, Vol. XXVIII. 161. For a detailed description of the sacred complex and royal enclosures at Hampi, Sec John M. Fritz, George Michell and M.S. Rao, The Royal Centre at Vijayanagara, Preliminary Report, University of Melbourne, Vijayanagara Research Centre, Monograph series No. 4, 1984, Chaps. 2, 3 and 5. 162. For a discussion of these changes as part of the increasing autonomy of each institutional sphere of society making the problem of legitimation even more complex, See Paul Whcatley, 1971, pp. 320-321.