86 K. S. Krishnaswafny 22. ER &R,p. 199. 23. See section on macro-economic balances. 24. On a sample survey of household income and expenditure of staff and workers, monthly per capita income had gone up from 41.7 Rmb in 1981 to 55.0 Rmb in 1984 or by 32 per cent, and expenditure from 38.1 Rmb to 46.6 Rmb or by 22 per cent. In the same period, the general index of cost of living of workers and staff had risen by about 20 per cent, while the general index of purchase price (by government) of farm and other products had gone up by as much as 54 per cent. In other words, the consumption expenditure of workers and staff was kept low through heavy government subsidies. Cf. State Statistical Bureau, Statistical Abstract — 1985, New World Press, Beijing, pp. 19-20. 25. Figures from State Statistical Bureau, Abstract, 1985 and Communique, February 28, 1986. 26. Figures given at the seminar by Professor Xu Lu, Research Fellow, Economic Management Centre, The State Economic Committee, Beijing. 27. As mentioned by Professor Xu Lu. It is however, not clear what items are included in this system, besides plant and machinery and royalties. 28. China Trade Report .-June 1986, South China Morning Post Limited, Hong Kong, p. 15. 29. Total industrial and agricultural output value corresponds in international terminology, to net output value of industry and agriculture sectors plus the value of raw materials consumed plus depreciation of machinery and buildings. National income refers to the net output yalue (value added) in industry, agriculture, construction, transportation and commerce. Total value of social output is presumably national income plus income of other services. 30' CASS,p.25. 31. State Statistical Bureau, Abstract. 1985, pp. 19-20. Figures for agriculture seem rather low for 'prosperity'. Probably some non-market items have not been fully taken into account. 32. CASS^p.43. 33. C455,p.40. 34. The Four Modernisations aimed at are of agriculture, industry, national defence and science and technology. The accent so far has been on agriculture and light industry, and on import of technology. 35. CASS, p. 50. 36. Despite their admiration for Japan's economic progress, the Chinese were more cautious about Japanese collaboration than others. Memories of Japanese occupation had not faded completely. 37. CASS, p. 50. 38. ER & R; p. 23 3° ER & R, pp. 24, Also CSE, pp. 58-59. 40. CSE, p. 1. 41. CSE, p. 124. 42. CSE, p. 127-28. 43. CASS.p.50.