12 SOCIAL SCIENTIST writing a history of science but was more concerned with the influence of science on history and that is why the science-technology-society relationship is one he has explored deeply. Most investigations into this area treat science as just another cultural appendage. What Bemal seeks today is to fathom the contributions of science to the development of techniques and those "which could find its place in the very body of narrative. To the extent that this is not done, the essential historical character -with the progressive and non-repetitive element -is lost from the exposition of history. We are left instead with an account of personal and institutional relations of society without any philosophy as to why they should not have tbeen repeated indefinitely with variants". Science influences history in two ways. First, it changes the methods of production. This is evident in the advances in technology and industry this century has glaringly witnessed. Second is the impact of the findings of science on the ideas and ideology of the period. The concept of the simple natural law ^s inaugurated by Galileo and Newton had a marked impact on the realm of ideas. It justified simple Deism in religion, laissez faire" in economics and liberalism in politics. Darwin's theory was used to justify ruthless exploitation, and resulted in subjection "under the banner of the survival of the fittest". But science has its more human and revolutionary impacts on ideology, and it is through them that science finds a place in cultural history and not merely as a component of an epistemic engine.