60 SOCIAL SCIENTIST 24. In this connection, see Toshikazu Nakase, 'Some Characteristics of Japanese-type Multinational Enterprises Today', Capital & Class, 13, Spring 1981, pp. 64-65, 71-72. 25. Matsuo Kei, 'The Working Class in the Masan Free Export Zone', in Ampo Special Issue. 26. Keesing, op. cit., p. 340. 27. Germidis (ed.), op. cit. 28. See A. Wei Djao, 'Traditional Chinese Culture in the Small Factory of Hong Kong', Journal of Contemporary Asia, No. 4, 1981, p. 417. 29. Germids (ed.), op. cit. 30. A few do recognise some habitual negative aspects of parent firm-subcontractor relations but not seriously. 31. Borrowed from the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, IMF, and other private sources. 32. See Takuo Tanaka, 'The Patterns of International Specialization Among Asian Countries and the Future of Japanese Industry', and Seiichi Nakajo, 'Japanese Direct Investment in Asian Newly Industrializing Countries and Intra-firm Division of Labour', in The Developing Economies, Vol. 18, No. 4, 1980; 'Japanese Workers and the Rightwing Offensive', in Ampo, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1982. 33. A new development in this milieu has been subcontracting from Hong Kong to China or setting up plant, for example, in Liverpool, England. See Louis Kraar, 'Reheating Asia's Little Dragons', Fortune International, 26 May 1986. 34. Ibid. This has been also observed in Puerto Rico. See Ricardo Campos and Frank Bonilla, 'Bootstraps and Enterprise Zones: The Underside of Late Capitalism in Puerto Rico and the United States', Review, No. 4, Spring 1982, p. 559. 35. Kraar, op. cit.; Jane Marshall, 'China Extends Open Door Policy', The Guardian, 29 July 1984; Raphael Kaplinsky, 'The International Context for Industrialization in the Coming Decade', The Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 21, No. 1, October 1984, p. 90. 36. News-week, op. cit. 37. Wilkinson, op. cit., p. 425. 38. For instance, see the fascinating paper by Swasti Mitter, 'Industrial Restructuring and Homeworking: Immigrant Women in the UK Clothing Industry', Capital <& Class, No. 27, Winter 1986. 39. Ippei Yamazawa, 'Increasing Imports and Structural Adjustment of the Japanese Textile Industry'/ The Developing Economies, December 1980, p, 443. 40. For instance, see Juan Rada, The Impact of Microelectronics, ILO, Geneva, 1980 41. Folker Frobel et al., 'Tendency Towards a New International Division of Labour', Economic and Political Weekly, Annual Number, 1976.