28 SOCIAL SCIENTIST 64. Preface to History and Culture of Indian People, Vol. V, p. xiv. 65. Majh Ki War, Guru Granth Sahib. The translation is that of Macauliffe. 66. See references to this inscription above. 67. Nuh Sipihr, pp. 179-81. 68. Isami, pp. 604-605. 69. Tara Chand, Influence of Islam on Indian Culture, 2nd. ed., Allahabad, 1963, p. 141. 70. The worky Ghunyat-ul Munya, which is unfortunately anonymous, has been edited by Shahab Sarmadee, Bombay, 1978. 71. Nawal Kishore editions, Lucknow, 1877,1889 (page-to-page correspondence with the earlier ed.) 72. D.D. Kosambi, Introduction to the Study of Indian History, Bombay, 1956, p. 370. Irfan Habib, Technology and Society in the 13th and 14th Centuries, Proc. Ind. Hist. Cong., Varanasi Session 1969, pp. 139-61, and 'Medieval Technology: Exchange between India and the Islamic World', Aligarh Journal of Oriental Studies, II (1-2), 1985, pp. 196-222. 73. R.S. Sharma, Urban Decay in India, c. 300-c. 1000, New Delhi, 1987. 74. Cf. Irfan Habib, 'Economic History of the Delhi Sultanate', Indian Historical Review, IV (2), 1978, pp. 287-303. 75. Cf. Louis Dumont, Homo Hierarchicus, Eng. ed., London, 1972. 76. This follows from Majumdar's identification of Hinduism with 'temples and monasteries' and Brahmans (History and Culture of Indian People, I, pp. xxxi, xxxiii). 77. History of Freedom Movement, Karachi, 1957,1, pp. 17, 20. 78. Asa, Guru Sahib, Macaulffe's translation modified. 79. Gurjari Kiwar, Guru Granth Sahib, Macauliffe's translation. 80. Kabir Cranthavali, ed. Shyam Sundar Das, Kashi, p. 54. 81. Abul Fazi, Ain-i Akbari, ed. Blochmann, I, p. 393. Elsewhere Abul Fazi says of Kabir: Some of the truth was revealed to him, and he rejected the obsolete customs of^-odety. " 82. The passage is in Akhbar-ul Akhyar, Deoband, A.H. 1332, p. 306. The word used for Hindu is Kafir. Abdul Haqq's grandfather Sa'dullah died in 1523, when his father was eight years of age.