66 SOCIAL SCIENTIST
who were cultivating rice, gave up rice cultivation and were force to migrate to urban areas to survive. This rural exodus was the source of unlimited labour supply in the 1960's.
The structure of age and sex of the population in the agricultural sector also changed over time [Table I]. Due to the migration, young persons in the age groups 14-19 years and 20-29 years drastically fell, while those in the 40-49 years, 50-59 years and over 60 years age groups gradually increased. And the percentage of women in this sector rose from 36.9 per ceifit in 1965 to 43.3 per cent in 1985, while that of men fell from 63.1 per cent in 1965 to 56.7 per cent in 1985.2 .
Tal )lel
C ^omposit ion of Farm Po [perce pulation mtage] by Ages and S< ex
Year 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985
Age
14-19 15.3 155 13.9 6.6 2.9
20-29 26.0 18.9 18.6 18.0 16.3
30-39 222 25.4 21.0 18.7 17.7
40-49 18.9 20.9 21.7 27.1 25.8
50-59 12.8 133 17.1 195 23.4
60 & above 4.8 6.0 7.8 10.1 14.0
Male 63.1 60.0 57.9 56.6 56.7
Sex
Female 36.9 40.0 42.1 43.4 43.3
Source : Economic Planning Board, Annual Report of Economically Active Population, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Various Issues.
Consequently, the tag of 'ghost villages', where only the old men and women remained in agricultural sector. Thus industrialization in Korea had been advanced at the expense of agricultural sector.
NOTES AND REFERENCES
1. A.K. Bagchi, Public Intervention and Industrial Reconstructing in China, India and Republic of Korea, ILO ARTEP, New Delhi, 1987, p.32.
2. Jongsoo Park, "Industrial Cycle and Relative Surplus Population in Korea (Korean / version)". Journal of Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, 26(2), 1987, pp 147-159.