90 SOCIAL SCIENTIST come to terms with the organisational and strategic challenges posed by the expansion of radical democratic movements beyond the bounds of the working-class. After such an inadequate response to the issues, we can only interpret the last .sentence of the book—'The project of "radicalized Enlightenment" first set out by Marx, for whom the contradictions of modernity could be resolved only by socialist revolution, still awaits realization*—as the rather unconvincing assertion of a far from healthy political-theoretic project. If this is indeed unconvincing I want to suggest at least two issues which are at stake in the postmodernism/marxism debate in the Indian context. First, whether marxism is the only or at least most valid theory for a renewed socialist and democratic agenda after the events and transformations in the Soviet Union and other Communist countries.7 And second, whether the critical discussions over this matter will have to take place outside the traditional organisations of the 'left', How these issues will play themselves out in the Indian and other post-colonial contexts is a crucial factor in the reorganisation of the left in the post-cold war period. NOTES AND REFERENCES 1. New York, 1973; first published in 1966. 2. See Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish, New York 1977; first published 1976; Jacques Derrida, 'Structure, Sign and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences' (1968), in Writing and Difference, Chicago, 1978; Jean-Francois Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, Minneapolis, 1984. 3. Verso, London, 1985; see also their reply to Norman Geras, 'Postmarxism Without Apologies', NLR, 166; and Emersto Laclau, New Reflections on the Revolution of Our Time, London, 1990. 4. Jurgen Habermas, The Theory of Communicative Action, Vol. 2, Beacon Press, Boston, 1987, p. 339. 5. Jurgen Habermas, The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, MIT, Massachusetts, 1987, p. 65. 6. Jurgen Habermas, The Theory of Communicative Action, p. 340. 7. I have attempted an intial exploration of this question in 'Marxism and the Crisis of Communist Ideology', Economic and Political Weekly (forthcoming).