62 SOCIAL SCIENTIST 33. Ibid, p. 5. 34. Ibid, p. 6. 35. Ibid, p. 6. 36. Ibid, p. 14-15. 37. Ibid, p. 13-14. 38. Ibid, p. 13. 39. Ibid, p. 18. 40. G.M. Francis, Pnrda System, Bharat Sewak, Jullundur, 1895. 41. B. Rama Shastri, op. dt, p. 5-6. 42. For a discussion on this myth, see Uma Chakravarti, 'Whatever Happened to the Vedic Dasi?', in Kum-Kum Sangari Sudesh Vaid ed.. Recasting Women ; Essays in Colonial History, Kali for Women, 1989 43. B. Rama Shastri, op. dt, p. 6. 44. G.M. Francis, op. cit, p. 5. I am grateful to Mrs. Qureshy for helping me in translating this pamphlet from Urdu. 45.. Ibid, p. 6. 46. Ibid, p. 7. 47. Ibid, p. 16. 48. Ataliq-i-Hind (Lahore) 8th June 1892 from the Selections of Vernacular Newspaper Reports, op. dt, 1892, p. 169. 49. Taj-ul-Akhbar. (Lahore), 16th July 1898, Selections ... op. dt, 1898, p. 452-3. 50. Khair-Khwah-i-Kashmir (Lahore), 18th November, 1890, Selections . . . 1890, p. 421. 51. The Akhbar-i-Am (Lahore), 15th January 1898, Selections . . . 1898, p. 53. 52. The Kaisar-ul-Akhbar (Kamal), 21st March 1891, Selections . . . 1891, p. 164. 53. The Sat Dharm Pracharak (Jullunder), 12th May 1899, Selections . . . 1899, p. 321-2. 54. Read Madhu Kishwar, 'The Daughters of Aryavartha'a (Indian Economic and Social History Review, Vol. XXIII, No. 2, April-June 1986) for a discussion of the fear of 'over-culturization* of women. 55. G.M. Francis, op. dt., p. 16. 56. Kaisar-i-Akhbar (Karnal), 4th July 1891, Selections . . . 1891, p. 251. 57. The Koh-i-Nur (Lahore), 23rd April 1892, Selections ... 1892, p. 117. 58. Prakash Tandon, op. dt, p. 40. 59. Ganga Bishan, Dayandi Shadi, Shahab-Saqib, Lahore, 1889. I am grateful to Dr. S.N.H. Jafri, Reader, Jamia Milia Islamia, and Faisal Devji for helping me with the translation of this Urdu pamphlet into English. 60. Ibid, p. 16. 61. Ibid, p. 15. 62. Ibid, p. 18. 63. Ibid, p. 8. 64. Ibid, p. 23. 65. The Sat Dharm Pracharak (Jullundur), 5th May 1989, Selections ... 1899, p. 274. 66. Ruchi Ram Sahni, The Niyoga Doctrine of the Arya Samaj, 'Punjab Economical' Press, Lahore, 1897. 67. The Nanak Prakash (Kapurthala), July 1890, Selections . . . 1890, p. 330. 68. Census of India, 1901, op. dt., p. 86. 69. The Sat Dharm Pracharak (Jullundur), 8th October 1897, Selections . . . 1897, p. 920. 70. The Rakhbar-i-Hind (Lahore), 13th Dec 1890, Selections . . . 1890, p. 459. 71. T. Williams's letter in Pt. Gurudutt Vidyarthi, M.A., Wisdom of the Rishis, Sayvadeshik Pustakalaya, Delhi, p. 441-2. 72. Ibid. p. 442. 73. Ibid. p. 443. 74. Grihastha, Ibid, p. 110-11.