DYNAMICS OF PROPERTY RELATIONS IN COLONIAL AWADH 49 15. For implications for agrarian relations see, Vikash N Pandey, 'Property Law and Agrarian relations in Colonial Awadh: 1909-1920', Economic and Political Weekly, Nov. 24, (1990), pp. 2601-2608. 16. See Raj, op.dt. 17. The Act came into effect on 1st January, 1887. It consisted of 11 chapters and 150 sections. It was further amended in 1901. The purpose of the Act was to contain the growing unrest among the peasantry. For detailed analysis of the Act, see Vikash N Pandey, 'Myth of Bourgeois Property: Land Law in Colonial Awadh', Sociological Bulletin, Vol. 38(2) (1989), pp. 199-216. 18. If the profit was above 12 per cent but below 25 per cent, it was to be raised to 25 per cent, and under-proprietary right be granted. 19.- Oudh Sub-settlement Act, 1866 in The United Provinces Code, Vol. I, (Government of India—Legislative Department, 1922), pp. 1-14. 20. S. 5, ORA, 1886 Ibid, pp. 269-70. 21. S. 6, Ibid, p. 270. 22. S. 7, A (I), Ibid. 23. Land under landlord's cultivation 24. Unit of revenue—assessment 25. In 1904, there were 32 estates which paid more than Rs. 50,000 as annual revenue, [H.R. Nevil, Pratapgarh: A Cazeteer. (Allahabad, 1904), p. IX]. 26. Coparcenary estate, held in severally. 27. System of landed rights whereby a village was owned by a group of co-sharers who together constituted the equivalent of a zamindar and whose share were based on descent. 28. Rai Bahadur Bishwanath Singh, Final Settlement Report of the Pratapgarh District, U.P (Allahabad, 1930), p. 31. 29. Khudhasht: a proprietary cultivator, cultivating his own land—the holding as cultivated. 30. Singh, op.cit, p. 33. 31. Cited in Kapil Kumar, Peasants in Revolt: Tenants, Landlords, Congress and the Raj in Oudh, 1886-1922 (New Delhi, 1984), p. 81. 32. Census of India U.P., Vol. XXI, part II, (1921), pp. 119-120. 33. Nevill, op.dt. Appendix—p. XXXV-VI. 34. Singh, op.dt., p. 33 (percentage is calculated on the basis of absolute numbers given in the source). 35. Revenue—free. 36. Nevill, op.dt., p. XI. 37. Singh, op.dt., p. 4. 38. Ibid. 39. Around 80 per cent of the population was dependent upon agriculture [Imperial Gazetter. Vol. II. (Calcutta, 1908), p. 432]. Land-man ratio for the first two decades of the present century in the district was about 0.70 acre per man (Agricultural Statistics of India, 1906 17). 40. Vinod K. Jairath, Changing Production Relations and Population Growth in Uttar Pradesh, Unpublished thesis (University of Sussex, 1978), pp. 53-56 & 78. 41. Ibid, p. 78. 42. Singh, op.dt., p. 8.