24 SOCIAL SCIENTIST 8 Robert A Dahl (citing Rajni Kothari,) Polyarchy New Haven, Yale University Press^ 1971, pp 117-118. 9 William Kornl^auser, Polics of Mass Society, New York, Free Press» 1959, p 238. 10 In fact, this approach is not entirely modern as some make it out to be by calling it a Behavioural Revolution. Aristotle and latterly Hobbes did go into human nature as determinants of political behaviour. Graham Wallas and Charles E Merriam are considered as having once again reawakened this spirit. Charles E Merriam gave such an importance to psychology that he rejected history as being irrelevant to political science. Then came various other psychological treatments of political personalities and analysis of certain psychological moments that determined {political decisions. See Graham Wallas, HumanNature in Politics, and Art of Thought, London, Jonathan Cape, 1926; Charles E Merriam New Aspects of Politics, Chicago, 1925. *l See for instance Christian Bay, "Politics and Pseudo-Politics: A Critical Evaluation of Some Behaviouralist Literature", American Political Science Review LIX»Marchl965, 39-85; Charles McCoy and Joseph Playford (eds) Apolitical Politics, New York, Thomas Y Crowell Co., 1967. The much advertised David Easton's "New Revolution in Behavioural Science" American Political Science Review, Vol. LXIII, No, 4, December, 1969 should not however be mistaken to be in the category of challenges to Behaviouralism.It is an attempt to further strengthen it by using knowledge for reform. 1 a David Easton, op. cit. i 8 This is sought to be answered in David Easton's paper quoted earlier in which he says that post-behaviouralists join the venerable tradition of 'Greek classical philosophy', Karl Marx, John Dewey and modern existentialism. Strange bedfellows for Marx indeed! 1 A Incidentally, the word "development" brought in liberal grants from such agencies like the Ford Foundation when research on the ^undef developed* countries was launched. * 6 WG Runciman, Social Science and Political Theory, Cambridge University Press, 1973, p425. 1 e Letter from F Engels to T Guno, January 24, 1872, Selected Works, Vol 2, Moscow, 1973 p425. 17 "Hegel's Philosophy of Right" (ed) R A Knox, Oafonf University Press, 1940, p 201. i 8 ^Communist Manisfesto", Selected Works, Vol, I p 216. 19 Stanislov Ossowski, Class Structwe in Social Consciousness, London, 1963, criticises in general how Hegel's 'thoughtless inconsistency and managerial sense become really disgusting' p 125. Marx in a different context says, 'To be consciously an integral part of something is to participate consciously in it, to be consciously integral to it* Without this consciousness the member of the state would be an animal, ».Participa-tion in political matters of general concern and participation in the State are, therefore, identical'. See Karl Marx, 'Critique of Hegel9 s Philosophy of Right9 Cambridge University Press, 1970 pp 117-118. so GA Almond and S Verba, Civic Culture,, Boston, Little Brown and Co, 1965 p 10. a 1 Mao Tse-Tung, ^On Practice, on the Relation between Knowledge and Practice, between Knowing and Doing ^Selected Readings from the Works of Mao Tse-Tung Peking 1971. ^2 In the 1952 General Elections Ravi Narayan Reddy polled 3,^9,162 votes while Pandit Nehru at the height of his popularity and power polled 2,33,581 votes with all the electoral .machinery and money that were placed at his disposal. Compared to the Allahabad consistituency of Nehru, the Nalgonda constituency is very back-waid with inadequate transport and intractable terrain*