THE ENGLISHING OF INDIA 61 shopkeepers, capitalists, professors, doctors, tanners, potters, blacksmiths among Bengalis—they are all clerks . . . .' Durga Charan Ray, Devganer Martye Agomon quoted in Sen, Vidyasagar, p. 48. 58. Chittabrata Palit, New Viewpoints on Nineteenth Century Bengal, Calcutta, Progressive Publishers, 1980, p. 91. 59. Samachar Darpan, 27 March 1830; quoted in P. Sinha, Nineteenth Century Bengal, Calcutta, Firma: K.P. Chowdhury, 1965, p. 32. 60. 'Secular and Religious Education* from Friend of India, 1 August .1850; in Benoy Chose Selections from English Periodicals p. 31. 61. Paridarshak, 22 November 1861, quoted in Ranu Basu, 'Education, Urbanization and Social Change in Bengal, 1850-1872,' in Barbara Thomas and Spencer La van (eds.). West Bengal and Bangladesh: Perspectives, Asian Studies Centre, East Lansing, Michigan State University, 1973, p. 62. Letter from the Secretary of the Bengal Government to the Committee of Public Instructions, dated 26th June, 1829; quoted in Mahmood, A History of English Education, p. 77. 63. Evidence of J.C. Marshman, Sixth Report of the Select Committee of the House of Commons on Indian Territories, 1853, Printed Parliamentary Papers of Great Britain; cited in Mahmood, p. 78. 64. Home Department, Note on the State of Education in India, 1861-62, in Sharp, Selections, pp. 52, 55. 65. Sinha, Educational Policies, p. 10. 66. Surendra Prasad Sinha, English in India, Patna, Janaki Prakashan, 1978, p. 34. 67. For a comprehensive account of vernacular education see N.L. Basak, History of Vernacular Education. See also Pradip Sinha, Nineteenth Century Bengal. 68. Report of the Collector of Nattore, 1846; in Sharp, Selections, Part II, (1840-1859), p. 68. 69. Report of the Commissioner of Dacca, 1846; in Selections, Part II, p. 69. 70. Minute by the Hon'ble T.B. Macaulay, dated the 2nd February 1835, in Sharp, Selections, Part I, p. 113. 71. See Letter to Lord Amherst, 11 December 1823, in English Works of Rammohun Roy, Vol. IV, Calcutta, 1947, p. 105-8. 72. Ibid., p. 108. 73. Letter from Iswar Chandra to Rasamoy Datta, Secretary of Sanskrit College, 3 May 1847, quoted in B. Chose, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar, New Delhi, 1965, pp. 677-9. 74. For a discussion of this aspect of Rammohun see Sumit Sarkar's essay, 'Rammohun and the Break with the Past' in A Critique of Colonial India, Calcutta, Papyrus, 1985. pp 1-17. For a discussion of Iswar Chandra's role as a reformer see Sen, Vidyasagar. 75. Quoted in Kopf, British Orientalism, p. 227. 76. See Misra, The Indian Middle Classes, p. 163. 77. Ellenborough to Lord Bentinck, 23 September 1830; quoted in Salahauddin Ahmed, Social Ideas, pp. 151-2. 78. Chose, Selections, VII, p. 33. 79. 'The Supply of Educated Men' (Editorial), The Statesman, 25 November 1875; in Benoy Chose, Selections, Vol. VIII, p. 124a. 80. Education Commission, Bengal Report, 1881-82, p. 148. 81. Note dated 17 July 1823, by Holt Mackenzie, in Sharp, Selections, Vol. I, pp. 57-64. 82. Quoted in H.A. Stark, Vernacular Education in Bengal 1813 to 1912, Calcutta, 1916, p. 89. Lal Behari Dcy was specifically refuting Kishori Chand Mitter who, in a speech to the British India Association had claimed that elementary education had made considerable progress. 83. Chose, Selections, Vol. VI, p. 33.