PATRIOTISM WITHOUT PEOPLE 37 41. Jawaharlal Nehru, The Discovery of India, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1989, pp. 353-4. (Hereafter, Discovery) 42. Nehru, An Autobiography, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1989, p. 32. (Hereafter, Autobiography). 43. This is Ernest Gellner's characterisation, as cited in E.J. Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism Since 1870: Programme, Myth, Reality, Cambridge University Press, 1990, p. 9. 44. A.M. Zaidi (ed.). Congress Presidential Addresses, Indian Institute of Applied Political Research, Delhi, 1985; Volume I, p. 89. 45. Ibid., pp. 114-5. 46. Ibid., p. 216. 47. Surendranath Banerjee, A Nation in the Making, Oxford University Press, Calcutta, 1963. 48. A.M. Zaidi (ed), as in 44, p. 214. 49. Ambedkar, Pakistan or the Partition of India, Bombay, 1940, p. 239-40. 50. Discovery, p. 342. 51. Ibid., p. 346. 52. Francis Robinson, 'Municipal Government and Muslim Separatism in the United Provinces, 1883 to 1916', Modem Asian Studies, Vol. VII, No. 3,1973, p. 395. 53. Sumit Sarkar, Modem India, 1885-1947, Macmillan, Delhi, 1990, p. 21. 54. Ibid, p. 79. 55. Robinson, as in 52, pp. 414-5. 56. Sarkar, as in 53, p. 140; and Ambedkar, as in 49, p. 240. 57. Lala Lajpat Rai, 'The Hindu-Muslim Problem', in Writings and Speeches, Volume II, University Publishers, Delhi, 1966, p. 211. 58. Discovery, p. 355. 59. Ibid, pp. 348-50. 60. Hobsbawm, as in 43, pp. 30 and 95ff. 61. Government of India, Census of India, 1911, Vol. I (India), Part I—Report, p. 116. 62. Ibid, p. 117. 63. Lala Lajpat Rai, The Arya Samaj: An Account of its Origins, Doctrines and Activities, Longmans, London, 1915, pp. 227-8. 64. Ambedkar, What Congress and Gandhi Have Done to the Untouchables, as in 21, hereafter Congress, p. 15. 65. Ibid, p. 3. 66. Ibid, pp. 5-7. 67. M.S. Gore, The Social Context of an Ideology, Sage, Delhi, 1993, p. 80. 68. Ibid, p. 75. 69. Government of India, Report of the Franchise Committee and the Committee on Division of Functions, Central Publications Branch, Calcutta, 1928, p. 9. 70. Ibid.pp.28ff. 71. The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, (hereafter CWMG), Volume XXI, Publications Division, Delhi, 1972, pp 245-50. 72. CWMG, VoL XXIV, p. 227. 73. CWMG, Vol. XXXIV, p. 3. The sense of defeat seemed by this time, deeply imbedded in the Mahatma's mental state. In a letter to G.D. Biria in April 1926 (CWMG, Vol. XXX, p. 372), Gandhi had asked in a spirit of resignation: 'What more may I say about the Hindu-Muslim fighting? I fully understand what is best for us, but I also know that anything I say at present will be a cry in the wilderness'. The same plea of helplessness is the theme of his letter to M.A. Ansari in April 1927 too (CWMG, Vol. XXXIII, p. 274). 74. Gore, as in 67, p. 91. 75. Ambedkar, Congress, as in 64, chapter III. 76. Ibid, p. 68. 77. Ibid., pp. 73-5.