THE BAULS AND THEIR HERETIC TRADITION 71 tion by Rabindranath Tagore. Kshitimohan Sen's first collection of the Baul songs was published in an anthology of old Bengali songs entitled Bangabani, which was followed by his erudite article on the Bauls in the Visva-Bharati Quarterly which was subsequently reprinted as an Appendix in Tagore's famous Hibbert Lectures published as The Religion of Man in 1931. Kshitimohan's another noteworthy contribution on the Baul songs and their philosophy came out through the publication (by Calcutta University in 1954) of Banglar Baul (in Bengali) which was originally delivered as Lila Lecture in 1949. He had also incorporated illuminating chapters on the Bauls in his various important works, such as Banglar Sadhana (a Visva-Bharati publication in Bengali in 1945), Bharate Hindu-Musalmaner Jukta Sadhana (a Visva-Bharati publication in Bengali in 1949), and Hinduism (a Penguin publication in 1960). Rabindranath Tagore had himself devoted a special chapter (entitled The Man of My Heart') on the Bauls in The Religion of Man. Shortly after the publication of Kshitimohan Sen's first collection on the Bauls in the anthology Bangabani, Muhammad Mansuruddin published (reprinted by Bangia Academy, Dacca, in 1976) a collection of hundred Baul songs under the caption of Haramoni ('the lost jewel') with a perceptive introduction by Tagore in 1927. Two hundred ninety seven Baul songs of Lalan Fakir were added by Mansuruddin in his later publication (from Dacca in 1958) in the Bengali journal Sahitya Patrika. Upendranath Bhattacharyya, who had conducted extensive field work on the Bauls, was able to publish more than five hundred songs in his Bengali work Banglar Baul 0 Baul Can in 1957. In 1959 Calcutta University came out with a publication of four hundred Baul songs of Lalan Fakir under the title of Lalan-gitika, edited jointly by Matilal Das and Pijus Kanti Mahapatra. However, the most comprehensive analysis of Sahajiya philosophy of the Baul songs was carried out by Sashibhusan Das Gupta in his outstanding work Obscure Religious Cults, first published in 1946 (the third edition was printed in 1969). In the chapter 'The Man of My Heart* in The Religion of Man, Rabindranath Tagore had described how he was attracted to one of the basic philosophical features of the Baul songs—the concept of manor manush or 'Man of My Heart*. While Tagore was stumbling upon the formal constraints of the monotheistic Brahmo church of which his father was the leader, he 'came to discover that in my conduct I was not strictly loyal to my religion, but only to the religious institution.... After a long struggle with the feeling that I was using a mask to hide the living face of truth, I gave up my connection with our church. About this time, one day I chanced to hear a song from a beggar belonging to the Baul sect of Bengal... What struck me in this simple song was a religious expression that was neither grossly concrete, full