MARXISM AND QUANTUM MECHANICS^ 45 Bishop Berkley—positivism so interprets the discoveries of science that they cannot conflict with or overset the essential teachings of religion. ...Positivist philosophy not only disarms science in the fight against obscurantism, but it makes science itself preach obscurantism. The scientist becomes not only no opponent of the priest, but his auxiliary —and his substitute. In the name of science and scientific philosophy theories are put forward which essentially distort and mystify our conceptions of the world and of human relationships and activities.23 The dodges and artifices which were invented to come out of the paradoxes of orthodox^ quantum theory look curiously like the cycles and epicycles of the old geocentric theory of the universe. Bohm says that the present crisis in the orthodox theory shows that a complete break is required from the mechanist ways of thought. Quantum theory is an indication of a new order in physics.24 But a perception of that order is only possible if we approach the issues from the dialectical materialist point of view. 1 Maurice Cornforth, In Defence cf Philosophy., Lawrence and Wishart, London 1950. p 246. 2 JMJauchin B D* Espagnat(Ed.) Foundations of Quantum Theory, Academic Press, 1971, 8 Murice Cornforth, op. cit. 4 De Broglie, New Perspectives in Physics, Oliver and Boyd, 1962. B David Bohm, Causality and Chance in Modem Physics, Routledge and K-egan Paul,. London, 1957. 6 De Broglie, op. cit. 7 Ibid. 8 Heinar K-ippardt, In the Matter of J Oppenheimer, Methuen, 1968, pp 34-35. 8 Maurice Cornforth, Dialectical Materialism, National Book Agency, Calcutta 1971, p 26. 1 ° Ibid. 11 Mao Tse—tung, "On Contradiction", Selected Works, Vol II, People's Publishing House, 1954, pp 15-16. 12 VI Lenin, "Philosophical Notebooks", Collected Wolks. Vol 38, Foreign Langages Publishing, House, Moscow 1963, pp 159-160. 13 Ibid. 14 Walter Heitler, "The Departure from Classical Thought in Modern Physics"PA Schlipp (Ed.) Albert Einstein, Philosopher Scientist, Tudor Publishing Company, p 197. 1 5 Maurice Cornforth, Dialectical Materialism, p 26. 1 e Ibid. 17 Albert Einstein, "Reply to Criticism" P\ Schlipp (Ed.) Albert Einstein, Philosopher Scientist, Tudor Publishing Company, p 666. 1 8 D Bohm, Physical Review 85, 1952 pp 166 and 180; and D Bohm andJP Vigier, Physical Review 96, 1954, p 208. 19 D Bohm, Causality and Chance in Modern Physics. 2 ° Ibid. 21 In addition to 18 above, D Bohm and Ahsironov, Physical Retiew 108, 1957, p 1070 and Nuovo Cimento 17, 1960, p 964; D Bohm, Physical Review 122. 1961, p 1649; D Bohm and J Bub, Review ot Modern Physics 38, 1966 pp 453-469, 470 and Review of Modern Physics 40, 1968 p 232, TB Day, Physical Review 221, 1961, p 1204; S P Gudder, Jour' nal of Mathematics and Physics 11, 1970. p431; DR Inglis, Review of Modern Physics 33, 1961. 22 Arthur Koestler, Roots of Coincidence, Hutchinson, London 1972. 2 3 Maurice Conforth, In Defence of Philosophy, p 246. 24 David Bohm, "Quantum Theory as an Indication of a New Order in Physics", B D' Espagnat (Ed.) Foundations of Quantum Theory, Academic Presss, 1971, pp 412-469.