46 SOCIAL SCIENTIST to deprive representative organs of all significance, to transfer all real power to government executive bodies, and to take them even from the formal control of elective bodies. The monopolies have become enemies of democracy and a source of totalitarian, fascist tendencies in contemporary bourgeois society. Now that the archives have expressed the 'secrets' of the interrelationship of the nazis and monopolies in pre-war Germany, there is no denying that it was finance capital that brought Hitler to power. Here is a commentary by James Martin, who once served in tj^e American military administration in West Germany: Pre-war movies had pictured the goose-stepping Nazis as the absolute masters of Germany. Hitler had only to command and the most powerful of the pre-Nazi potentates would stop and obey—or else... Our poking about in the Villa Hugel and questioning of Alfred Krupp and his works managers erased that impression. Adolf Hitler and his Party had never been allowed quite to forget that they had depended upon the industrialists to put them in office, and that in future they could go further with the industrialists' help than without it.19 One mav object that there are states in the capitalist world where monopoly capital predominates without fascists in power. That is certainly true. The strong democratic anti-fascist movement in capitalist countries has hampered the establishment of fascist regimes, especially after the painful experiment tried out by Hitler and Mussolini. None the less, there remains soil fertile for the fascist weeds. The organism of modern bourgeois society is thoroughly infected with the metastases of fascism's malignant tumour. There is literally not one imperialist power where fascist tendencies in one form or another are not a force to be reckoned with. They are conspicuous in the urge to set up dictatorships, in the curbing of constitutional rights, in the activization of reactionary, fascist organizations and societies, in the persecution of democratic organizations, in the intensification of militarism and influence of the warlords, and in aggressive foreign policy. The whole point is that the domination by finance-monopoly groups of social relations is^ incompatible with democracy. The interests of the financial oligarchy are radically at odds with the interests of the people. Totalitarianism serves the monopolies as a means of retaining and entrenching their dominance. Prospects of Democracy The roots of contemporary totalitarianism, if one may borrow a term from bourgeois sociology, do not lie where the bourgeois sociologists seek them. They are deeply embedded in the soil of the capitalist system, and if the sociologists could cast off the burden of their financial and spiritual dependence on the interests of monopoly capital, they would discover the sources of totalitarianism which has to be rooted out by the advanced class of the epoch expressing the will of the great bulk of the populace.