) SOCIAL SCIENTIST 26. For details, see, N. Gerald Barrier and Paid Wallace, The Punjab Press 1880-1905, Asian Studies Centre, Michigan State University, Michigan, 1970. 27. Tribune, 11 May 1905, p. 3. 28. Ibid, 18 May 1905, p. 3. 29. Ibid, 23 May 1905, p. 3. 30. The Akhbar-i-Am was owned by Mukand Rain Kashmiri and was edited by Gopi Nath and Govind Sahai. The paper often took an anti British stand. 31. This paper was established in 1904 and was nationalist in its outlook. It wrote about various protest meetings. See, Punjabi, 22 May 1905, pp. 4,11,12, June 1905, p. 5,21 June 1905, p: 5. 32. Tribune, 16 May 1905, p. 4, Col. 3,4, p. 5, Col. 1. 33. Ibid, 22 July 1905, p. 5, Col. 3,4. 34. Khalsa Samachar, 24 May 1905, pp. 3-7, 31 May 1905, pp. 3-7, 7 June 1905, p. 2. 35. Ibid, 5 July 1905, pp. 3-5,26 July 1905> pp. 3-5. 36. Khalsa Advocate, 27 May 1905, pp. 1-2, 3 June 1905, p. 2. 37. For details refer to, Ibid, 24 June 1905, p. 3,8 July 1905, p. 2,15 July 1905, p. 5,22 July 1905, pp. 3-6,29 July 1905, pp. 2,5-7,5 August 1905, pp. 2-3,12 August 1905, pp. 2, 5-6,26 August 1905, pp. 1-2,5-6,16 September 1905, p. 5. 38. Tribune, 13 May 1905, p. 3. 39. Ibid, 16 May 1905, pp. 3-5. 40. Ibid, 16 May 1905, pp. 3-5. 41. Ibid, 30 May 1905, p. 5. 42. Ibid, 3 June 1905, p. 5. 43. /fez'**, 17 June 1905, p. 5. 44. Ita*, 22 June 1905, p. 5. 45. Ibid, 4 July 1905, p. 5. 46. He was an eminent Sikh religious reformer and a journalist. For his various activities see, Ganda Singh, ed., Bhagat Lakshman Singh, Autobiography, Calcutta, Lindsay Street, 1965. 47. Tniwne,8Junel905,p.5. 48. In his letter Inder Singh had criticised Dwarka Das without mentioning his name. It became evident when Dwarka Das in his letter responded to arguments of Inder: Singh. 49. Tribune, 18 July 1905, p. 5. 50. Ibid, 29 July 1905, p. 5. 51. 1^,20 July 1905, p. 5, 9 July 1905, p. 5. 52. Ibid, 27 July 1905, p. 5. 53. Khalsa Samachar, 12 June 1905, p. 7, 21 June 1905, pp. 1-7, 5 July 1905, pp. 7-9, 2 August 1905, pp. 3-8. 54. For instance, see, Sardar Niranjan Singh, Oral Transcript Section, Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, Ace. No. 460. He has recounted, how his family had implicit faith in Sikh Scriptures and when his brother Nanak Chand decided to baptics, his father Bakhshi Gopi Chand did not object to it. 55. Trifcwne,llMayl905,p.3. 56. Sahjdhari Sikhs also known as Nank Panthis were those who professed faith in Sikhism but did not follow the ceremonial and social observations inculcated by Guru Govind Singh. Chanranpaulias were those Sikhs who were baptised according to the practice started by Guru Nanak. It consisted in the drinking of water in which the feet of the Guru had been bathed. This initiation ceremony continued up to Guru Teg Bag Bahadur's times. However, Guru Govind Singh had changed it. Some Sikhs still practised it. Khandapaulias were those Sikhs who were baptised in accordance with the initiation ceremony set up by Guru Govind Singh. Such baptised Sikhs drank water mixed with sugar cake and stirred with Khanda-a dagger. 57. Tn'twne,6Junel905,p.3.