96 SOCIAL SCIENTIST (A-.H. 640-1200), K.P. Jayaswal Research Inst., Patna, 19733, pp. 235-38, plate 50(c). As regards the grants of mansabs of a lower rank, during the later period of Aurangzeb's reign, we get additional information in the Akhbarat-i Darbar-i Mu'alla showing that grants of mansabs played some role in the dynamics of the relationship between a subahdar and the zamindars of the region (Eds. S.H. Askari and Q, Ahmad, Comprehensive History of Bihar, Vol. ii, Part ii, K.P. Jayaswal Research Inst., Patna, 1987, pp. 200, 234, n. 29). It may, hpwever, be conceded that such supplementary information will have a marginal effect only. The data collected meticulously from the sources indiacted above will remain largely unaffected. The Apparatus provides basic data which can be examined from different angles, and for studying different aspects of politico-administrative and economic history. This imparts an enduring value to the work, which represents a refershing, new, line of approach. As noticed above, The Apparatus has a column recording the appointments held by a mansabdar. Naturally, the bulk of the entries in this column relates to subahdari, qal 'dari, faujdari, etc. but there are a few references to posts about which not much information if available. For example, the post of faujdar and amin of the copper mines in Meertha (p. 282), darogha-i Jalha-i Barg Darogha-i Daru's Shifa (superintendent of hospitals), nakhuda (captain) of ships. Another set of appointments relate to Darogha-i Kitab Khana (Superintendent of Libraries) and Kitabdars (Librarians). Some of them held mansabs of 500/x (p. 68) and of .1,000/400 (p. 166). The librarians most probably were not required to render military service, yet some of them held mansabs, while there are some without any mansab. The author should have drawn attention to such rare entries in the Introduction of the book. The text of the revised edition, under review, is a photographic reproduction of the pages of the 1st edition, including the important portions of Appendices 9175-271) and the Bibliography. This constraint came in the author's way of taking into account, at the proper places, the information added and the issues raised on the subject during the last three decades, as well as the mass of details brought forward in the author's own work, The Apparatus. The problem has been dealt with by putting in a concise, thirteen pages long, Introduction to the revised edition. The author has discussed here such topics as the thoery of the 'segmentary' state, put forward by Burton Stein, that of watan by Frank Perlin and that of fitna by Andre Wink. He has also examined the parallel development of C.A. Bayly's hypothesis that the decline of the Mughal Empire was, in a way, a positive 'phenomenon', because it released the innovative enterprise of local or regional 'corporate groups'. The author the readers' attention to two of his articles in