70 SOCIAL SCIENTIST 2 As long as working people are not able to make themselves free from exploitation, the right of children and juvenile persons, including their right to education, must be vindicated through general laws, enforced by the power of the state. 8 Education can never be considered as mere intellectual pursuit: good education must always be integrated with technological training. 4 Technological training does neither mean acquisition of mere skills of production through exercise, nor that of mastering some theoretical knowledge abnut the productive system. Technological training should be provided in a real productive situation and it should impart general principles of all processes of production and initiate the practical use and handling of the elementary instrument of all trades. Mere production-oriented education is not sufficient. Three aspects of education— mental, physical (bodily training) and technical (productive efficiency) should be integrated into a whole. 5 Courses of studies should be gradually differentiated according to the needs of society. 6 Wherever smdents participate in productive labour they must be pa>d for their work. A new education organized on the above principles should not aim at fortifying the exiting governmental power or disseminating the views and ideas helpful in maintaining the exploitation-based social order. New concepts arise in opposition to old ones, corresponding to the development of the class struggle. In new education the emerging views and ideas in consonance with the changing social order find its proper place. It must develop a scientific, democratic and patriotic attitude in the rising generation. 1 VI Lenin, Collected Works, Vol 2, Foreign Language Publishing House, Moscow 1963, p472. 2 V I Lenin, Collected Works, Vol 28, Progressive Publishers, Moscow 1965, p 87-88. 8 Maurice Cornfbrth, Dialectical Materialism, Volume III, The Theory of Knowledge, National Book Agency Private Ltd., Calcutta 1965, p 150. 4 Ibid.,? 126. 5 Ibid.,p\3\. 6 Ibid., p 132. 7 Ibid., p 145. ® Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Selected Works, Vol 2, Progress Publishers, Moscow 1969, p 80-81. BHABESH MOITRA