POWER AND PLANNING 39 the move to 'look beyond the nation state', when theory of planning is to reorient itself radically, it is important to see the dimensions of power and political strategy that underlie the question of globalisation and reforms of planning (Partha Chatterjee). When market fundamentalism refers to institutions, it inevitably points-towards clear property rights and contract law. Organisational sources of power and the instruments of conditioning may not be as apparent. Foucault' s perspective regarding rights and domination makes one sceptic. Gramsci' s approach also point towards the possibility of Ceasarism. He sees the mature bourgeois state as an arena where the conflicts between competing factions of the bourgeoise are regulated and the dominance of one faction over the other secured. Gramsci5 s philosophy of praxis and the emphasis on the restoration of human subjectivity and agency and the collective human action in which power inheres, suggest the focus of power to be shifted onto the nation state and its regions, rather than to look beyond. The micro specificities of power may be put in abeyance under the influence of such global totalitarian theories that go by the name of globalization or internationalization. NOTES 1. Theories of Jauss, Iser and son on. Hermeneutics is defined as 'theory of understanding* or recovery of meaning. This study of the methological principles of interpretation and explanation started "with theology (i.e. how to interprete theological text) extended to philosophy and literary interpretation. This is a very simple workable understanding. For more deeper understanding of the hermeneutical field refer Richard Ed. Palmer, Hermeneutics, North Western Univ., Press, 1969. 2. Phenomenology identifies the apparent kinship between relation and 'Scientific perspective*, where modern criticism becomes increasingly technological. 3. In literature, [Abrams, The Mirror and The Lamp 1953] critical theories since Plato have been categorised into four types: (i) mimetic (Plato, Aristotle etc.) ... art imitates life, imitates nature and so on, (ii) Pragmatic (Horace and others medieval, renaissance and enlightened critics), (iii) expressive (Romantic theorists) and (iv) objective (modernists). Post-modernists question the criterion of objectivity. 4. McCloskey, Donald N., 'Storytelling In Economics* in Don Levoie (ed.) Economics and Hermeneutics Routledge, London, N.Y., 1991. 5. Refer Gadamer, Truth and Method, Crossroads, New York, 1982. 6. Inclusion-exclusion within the domain of disciplinary knowledge. 7. Lakdawala, Lessons of Planning, Oxford University Press, 1987. 8. Chatterjee Partha, 'Development Planning and the Indian State* in Terence J. Byres (edited) The State Development Planning and Liberalisation in India, Oxford Univ. Press, Calcutta, 1997.