Social Scientist. v 26, no. 302-303 (July-August 1998) p. 62.


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62 SOCIAL SCIENTIST

(b) that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good;

(c) that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment".

These principles were used in India to expand the role of the state in the economy, to overcome the restrictions to such expansion imposed by the above-mentioned fundamental rights. For example, they allowed to implement the necessary nationalization measures by permitting the state to pay the owners of the nationalized property less than full compensation (by substituting the word "amount" for the word "compensation" in the constitution), removing the need to equate compensation with the market value of the nationalised property. Now the constitutional provision for nationalization reads: "No property shall be compulsory acquired or requisitioned save for a public purpose and save by authority of law which provides for acquisition or requisitioning of the property for an amount which may be fixed by such law or which maybe determined in accordance with such principles and given in such manner as may be specified in such law; and no such law shall be called in question in any court on the ground that the amount so fixed or determined is not adequate or that the whole or any part of such amount is to be given otherwise than in cash". Such approach is even more relevant to Russian lawmaking on nationalisation, because nationalisation measures there should often involve returning to the state amounts not paid to it in the course of privatization.

All this is not to say that institutions and methods of combining state regulation with market mechanism, used in India, could be mechanically transferred to Russia, since the socio-economic structure and the overall economic environment there is very different. The adaptation and adjustment are necessary preconditions.

Besides, there are problems for which independent solutions should be found according not only to specific conditions of the country but also to the socio-economic pattern of society aimed at.

Thus the expansion of economic role of the state, necessary to come out of deep crisis in Russia, can lead to different ways of evolution depending upon the extent of the people' s control over the state, their participation in decision-making process. Without such control and participation the expanding economic role of the state could lead either



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