HEALTH AND MEDICINE IN COLONIAL ORISSA 25 State under British patronage and Settled by Lord Auckland, London, 1842, pp. 8; 11; 15-16 is a classic example. 50. David B. Smith, Report on Pilgrimage to Juggemauth, in 1868 With a Narrative of a Tour through Orissa, Calcutta 1868, part I; H. Ricketts, Selections from the Records of the Bengal Government - Report on the Districts ofPooree and Balasore 1853, Calcutta, 1859, p. 21; W.W. Hunter, A Statistical Accound Of Bengal Volume XIX District ofPuri and the Orissa Tributary States, London, 1877, p. 176. 51. Memorandum of the Census of British India of1871-72, Bengal, London, 1875, General Statement I.C. 52. W.W. Hunter,... Statistical Account... Cuttack and Balasor, op.cit., pp. 367-370. 53. Home Dep. (Public Branch), nos. 60-61, (A) 24 Jan. 1861, op.cit. 54. Home Dep. (Sanitary Branch), nos. 7-10, November 1881. Home Dep. (Medical Branch), nos. 68-71 Part (A) January 1880 - 'Report on Vaccination -Bengali 878-79'; NAI. 55. John Shortt, A Popular Treatise on Vaccination in Oriya, Cuttack, 1867, pp. 3; 9. 56. Home Dep. (Sanitary Branch), nos. 7-10, Nov. 1881, op.cit. 57. L.E.B. Codbden Ramsay, Bengal Gazetteers: feudatory States of Orissa, Calcutta, 1910, rptd. Calcutta, 1982, p. 70. 58. Based on S.N. Tiwari, Annual Statistical Returns and Short Notes in Vaccination in Bihar and Orissa for the year 1918-19, Patna, 1919, p. 3. 59. This was true for most of the zamindaris and the princely states. 60. In fact, Marglin, op.cit., p. 139, echoes this sentiment. Hardiman, op.cit., p. 24, refers to the feeling among the village folk of Gujerat that government methods of restricting her progress would enrage Sitala. This got polarised with the Devi spreading the message of the 'Mahatma', getting associated with social reform and emerging as the vehicle of protest against the Parsi exploiters by 1921-22; pp. 52-54. However, this trend was not visible in Orissa. 61. Home Dep. (Medical Branch) nos. 68-71 Part (A) 11880, op.cit.', the reference is to people asking for a Brahmin vaccinator, but refusing his services after he joined. 62. Accession NO. 338 C, Judicial Dep., 'Memorandum on Cuttack Jailo, 30 January, 1859', Orissa State Archievs, Bhubaneshwar; hereafter OSA. 63. One is tempted to refer to Michel Foucault, Madness and Civilisation: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason, London, 1971, where he notes: 'John Howard, at the end of the eighteenth century... made pilgrimages to all the chief centres of confinement - "hospitals, prisons, jails" - and his philanthropy was outraged by the fact that the same walls could contain those condemned by common law, young men who disturbed their families' peace or who squandered their goods, people without profession and the insane'; p. 45. The coloniser did not seem to have learnt much from this experience. 64. Home Dep. (Medical Branch) nos. 51-54, June 1880, NAI. 65. Census of India, 1911, op.cit., p. 409; these figures are for coastal Orissa (viz. Cuttack, Puri and Balasore). 66. Ibid, pp. 422-426. 67. It is not possible to discuss this plebian cult here; for details related to this