RE-DEVISING JENNERIAN VACCINES? 65 month, with Rs. 10 per month travelling allowance). Ibid., p. 13. 105. The minimum qualification was a Secondary School Leaving Certificate with special vaccination training approved by the Sanitary Commissioner. The maximum was a complete Sanitary Inspector's certificate with vaccination training, which was required of all first class vaccinators. Report, King Institute for the year 1918-1919 (Madras, 1919), pp. 17-18. 106. Vaccination Report, Madras, for 1920-21 (Madras, 1921), p. 2. 107. Report, King Institute for the year 1916-1917 (Madras, 1917), p. 9. 108. Ibid., p. 5. 109. See, for instance, see G.D. Vol. 196 of 1913, Compilation 959, Parts 1 and 2, M.S.A. 110. Vaccination policy in the Concan Division, Report on Vaccination throughout the Bombay Presidency and Sind for the years 1856-57 (Bombay, 1858), p. 11. 111. Report, King Institute, for the year 1907'-1908.(Madras, 1908), p. 6. 112. See, for instance, report from the Ganjam District, Chicacole Circle, Madras, c. 1881, in Eighteenth Annual Report of the Sanitary Commission for Madras, 1881 (Madras, 1882), p. 124. 113. See, for example, report from the Malabar District, North Malabar Circle, Madras, c. 1881, ibid., p. 129. 114. Sanitary Commissioner's Report, Madras, 1899 (Madras, 1900), p. 48. 115. Vaccination Report, Bombay and Sind for the year 1863 (Bombay, 1864), p. 3. ' 116. Even as late as 1930, when bacteriological tests in the laboratory were made much more rigorous than before, the vaccinating establishment remained acutely aware of the possibility of encephalitis following vaccination. Report, King Institute for the year ending 31 March 1930 (Madras, 1930), p. 5. Indeed, vaccine lymph began to be issued in higher dilutions than before as an additional safeguard against the possibility of post-vaccinal encephalitis. Report, King Institute for the year ending 30 September 1931 (Madras, 1931), p.2. 117. Vaccination Report, Madras, for 1922-23 (Madras, 1924), p. 11. 118. Report, King Institute for the year ending 31 March 1929 (Madras, 1929), p. 14. 119. Report, King Institute, from 1 April 1948 to 31 March 1949 (Madras, 1950), p. 4. 120. M. Harrison, Public Health in British India: Anglo-Indian Preventive Medicine, 1859-1914 (Cambridge, 1994). 121. D. Arnold, Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India (London, 1993). 122. Deepak Kumar, states in a recent article that: 'Apart from cultivating the higher sections of Indian society, efforts were made, starting in 1800, to win popular support for Western medicine. Inoculation was the earliest mass experiment, and it involved both coercion and persuasion. Native 'tikadars' (variolators) and Brahmins were recruited for this purpose on a large scale and district collectors were asked to use their power and authority to break native resistance. Though reluctance and resistance were there, still many people, especially the propertied and educated classes, were quick to see the benefits. After all, variolation was not so dissimilar to vaccination, and was a common practice. It also gave the government an opportunity to get a tighter grip on the population, as the programme involved registering the