SOCIAL SCIENTIST of Marx. C.H.K.) These articles which appeared in the Neue Rheinische Politischokonomische Review, Hamburg, 1850, have recently been brought together into a pamphlet by Engels (Berlin, 1895) under the title of "Die Klassenkampfe in Frankreich 1848 bis 1850." The little work has a preface by Engels. Appeared for the first time in New York in 1852 in a review. Several editions have since been made in Germany. A French translation appeared in 1891 published by Delory, Lille. In the preface to the "Class Struggle in France in 1848-50" and elsewhere Engels treated fundamentally the objective development of the new revolutionary tactic. (It is well to remember that the first Italian edition of this essay appeared June 18th, and the second, October 15, 1895.) In my opinion this is the case in France. The recent discussions of the agrarian programme submitted to the deliberations of the social democracy in Germany confirm the reasons which I have indicated. It was otherwise in Germany. After 1830 socialism was imported there and became a current literature; it underwent philosophical alterations of which Gruen was the typical representative. But already before the new doctrine socialism had received a characteristic imprint which was proletarian, thanks to the propaganda and the writings of Weitling. As Marx said in 1844 in the Paris Vorwaerts, "it was the giant in the cradle." It is what many people call Marxism. Marxism is and remains a doctrine. Parties can draw neither their name nor their justification from a doctrine. "I am no Marxist" said - guess who? Marx himself. It is he who established the first relations between Marx and the League and who served as intermediary in the publication of the Manifesto. He fell in the insurrection of 1849 at Murg. Marx's Capital, Vol. Ill, Hamburg, 1894, pp. xix-xx. The date of 1845 refers principally to the book Die heilige Familie, Frankfort, 1845, which was produced in collaboration by Marx and Engels. This book is indispensable to an understanding of the theoretical origin of historical materialism. I stop with Cabet who lived at the epoch of the Manifesto. I do not think I ought to go as far as the sporadic forms of Bellamy and Hertzka. The Balzac of the 17th century. It is these writers whom Menger thought he had discovered as the authors of scientific socialism. It is for this reason that certain critics, Wieser for example, propose to abandon Ricardo's theory of value because it leads to socialism. Thus there arises notably in France the illusion of a social monarchy which, succeeding the liberal epoch, should solve harmoniously what is called the social question. This absurdity reproduces itself in infinite varieties of socialism of the pulpit and State socialism. To the different forms of ideological and religious utopianism is joined a new form of bureaucratic and fiscal utopianism, the Utopia of the idiots. For example in the essays of Th. Rogers. Who would have thought a few years ago of the discovery and the authentic interpretation of an ancient Babylonian law? Note 189, p. 740, of the 3rd German edition..