NAZI PROPAGANDA IN INDIA European. These included International Railway Information Bureau of Madras, Bombay Press Service, Indo-German News Exchange of New Delhi, Aligarh University German Society, Bhatachar Movement in Bengal (Bhattachari), Khaksar Movement in the United Provinces, German Institute of Bombay, certain branches of Hindu Mahasabha in Maharashtra and various such organs. As elsewhere in the world the Jewish and socialist refugees from Germany living in India complained that the Gestapo agents spied on them. Indian employees in German firms were made to take active part in Nazi propaganda work.3 The Nazis had their business houses in India to mail pro-Nazi literature and to distribute advertisements to 'friendly' publications and papers. The Nazi agents were spread all over India disguised as technical advisers, photographers, tourists, explorers, salesmen, band-players and even as 'refugees'. The Gestapo agents were also sent to Tibet as explorers. The German community in India was organised in Nazi groups through clubhouses in various cities. They also had an organ entitled Der Deutsche in Indien (The German in India). Often Indians knowing German, Arabic and Persian languages used to be invited to the German clubs to listen to lectures on Nazism. Germany had a special economic interest in India where she saw a profitable market for her goods, particularly chemicals, drugs and electrical components. Along with trade Germany hoped to extend political influence by various activities of a cultural nature.4 The part played by the German Club in Nazi political machinations in Calcutta was perhaps not realised. For many people it appeared as a mere harmless centre of recreation. However, it was the very centre of Nazi political organisation in Bengal. In this club German residents obtained their instructions, listened to lectures and attended party meetings. Besides, through this club, German citizens, Austrians, Czechs emigres and others were subjected to constant espionage. Every word or action which could be considered as hostile to the Nazi regime was instantly reported to Gauleiter (District Leader) who passed on anything of importance in regular reports to the Nazi foreign organisation, which was incorporated in the German foreign office.5 Besides newspapers published by pro-German editors in India, the Nazis also used radio broadcasting from Germany to influence Indians through musical programmes. On 5 August 1939, the Berlin short wave station broadcasted a musical programme entitled Moonlight on the Taj Mahal. Such broadcast provided an opportunity