SOCIAL SCIENTIST "Half devil and half child" (notwithstanding their original intention) became catchwords of empire. See Kipling's, "The White man's Burden", 1899 quoted in Parry, Delusions and Discoveries, 206. In a number of stories in Plain Tales white men are figured as ambivalent in their white identities to varying degrees, eg. Strickland, the police officer who dons 'native' disguises to mingle with lower class Indians, ostensibly to control them better, in "Miss Youghal's Sais"; Trejago, the man who can interpret 'native' signs in "Beyond the Pale," and above all, Mclntosh Jellaludin, scholar, philosopher, loafer, dropout extra-ordinary, whose lower-class 'native' existence marks a transgression of cultural boundaries in "To Be Filed For Reference". 44. However, abjuring a simplistic 'Noble savage' model for all hill girls Kipling defines Dunmaya in "Yoked With an Unbeliever" as "clever and shrewd" (Plain Tales, 39). 45. See for instance The Calcutta Review during the years 1862-1900 for their foregrounding of the subject. 46. For the sensual widow see for instance Alexander Allardyce, The City of Sunshine. (Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood 8c Sons, 1877). 47. For similar sexual relations involving passive, lower class, Indian women see Flora Annie Steel's two novels, The Potter's Thumb (1894; reprint, London: William Heinemann, 1897), On The Face of The Waters (1896; reprint, New Delhi: Arnold- Heinemann, 1985) and her collection of short stories, The Permanent Way And Other Stories (1897; reprint, London: William Heinemann, 1898). 48. Macmillan, Women of the Raj, 57. 49. Zareer Masani, Indian Tales of the Raj (London: B.B.C.Books,1987), 53. 50. It is difficult to agree with John McBratney's remark that "the Indian woman, because she is both Indian and female presents the direst possible threat to the homosocial solidarity of district officer, soldier, and intelligence agent", in John McBratney, "Images of Women in Rudyard Kipling: A Case of Doubling Discourse", Inscriptions, 1988, nos.3/4 : 54, cited in Sara Suleri, The Rhetoric of English India (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1992), 79-80. 51. Benita Parry correctly notes, "This liminal space thus neither constitutes a zone liberated from the Raj, nor is the positioning of master/native displaced", in Benita Parry, "The Contents and Discontents of Kipling's Imperialism", New Formations, no: 6, Winter 1988, 59. Much of the argument here is coloured by her stand. 502 Among recent critics who take note of the narrative complexities (but ignore echoes of the Revolt of 1857) are Parry, "The Contents And Discontents of Kipling's Imperialism," and in particular B.Moore-Gilbert, "The Bhabhal of Tongues': reading Kipling, reading Bhabha," in Writing India, ed. B. J.Moore-Gilbert, 112-118. 53. This reading of Lalun's political connotations draws upon B.Moore-Gilbert, "The Bhabal of Tongues..'.', 112-118. 54. See Nirgis, the dancing girl in 'Hafiz' Allard's Nirgis: A Tale of the Indian Mutiny (London: W.H. Alien & Co.,1869) and the courtesan, Peri Buksh in Philip Meadows Taylor's Seeta, (1872; reprint,London: Kegan Paul, Trench ScCo.,1887).