COLONIALLZATION OF INDIAN ECONOMY 53 14 4 Desai in IESHK VIII, 4, pp 353-4. 146 Daniel and Alice Thorner, Land and Labour in India, Bombay 1962, p 77. 146 Ibid., pp 78-79 (table). 1 47 R C Dutt, op.cit., tables on pp 529 & 533. ' 4 8 See tables in B M Bhatia op.cit., p 224, & Amiya K Bagchi, Private Investment in India, 1900-1939, Cambridge 1972, p 95. The tables relate to the last decade of the 19th century and the earlier years of this century. Agricultural statistics of this kind are not available for earlier periods. 149 A chronologicable table is furnished by Bhatia, p 343. i60 Bhatia, pp 242, 250, 261. 151 MMukerjiinVB Singh (Ed.), Economic History of India, 1857-1956 pp 678-9 (table); Bhatia, pp 349-51 (tables). D Kumar finds a substantial decline in real wages of agricultural labourers in the Madras Presidency between 1875 and 1900 {op.cit., pp 165-67). 16 2 R C Dutt, op. cit., p 471. 158 Ibid.,pp 518-19. 184 SJ Patel, Agricultural Labourers in India and Pakistan y Bombay 1952, pp 1-20. 185 D Kumar, op.cit., pp 168-82. She declines to see ia this increase a "radical transformation of the agrarian economy'^. 156 D and A Thorner, Land and Labour in India, pp 70-81 157 Marx summed up the divergence between the old and new fines' of imperialism in his reference, in 1853, to a parliamentary speech of Bright, ^whose picture of India ruined by the fiscal exertions of the Company did not, of course, receive the supplement of India ruined by Manchester and Free Trade^' ('Articles on India, p 36; On Colonialism, p 29.) The ambitions of Lancashire with regard to India were given full expression during the parliamentary controversy over the renewal of the East India Company^s Charter in 1853. The construction of railways was a major plank in the Manchester programme for India, and the guarantee system for railway capital was vigorously supported (RJ Moore, "Imperialism and Free Trade Policy in India, 1853-1854", A G L Shaw, (Ed.) Great Britain and the Colonies, 1815-1865, pp 184-96}. 158 Quoted by E Stokes in Elites in South Asia, p 25. 159 Cf. DR Gadgil, Industrial Evolution of India in Recent Times, London 1942, pp 21-22. ieo pry Narain, Indian Economic Life'. 'Past and Present. The movement of wheat prices at Farrukhabad is corroborated by the detailed price-data for Meerut collected and analysed by Toru Matsui in Memoirs of the Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, No 64. March 1970, pp 97 ft. (tables). Toru Matsui's prices begin from 1845, or more often, 18-18. 1B1 D Kumar, op. cit., p 91 (table). 162 M Mukerji in V B Singh (Ed.) Economic History of India 1857-1958, p 685 (tables) C- tables of prices from the same source in Bhatia, p 348. 168 Cf. A Colvin's Memorandum of 8 November 1875, extracts quoted in RC D[itt,op.cit, pp 330-32. 164 See my article, "Usury in Medieval India", Comparative Studies in Society and History, The Hague, VI, 4, pp 394-98. 165 Cf. Bipan Chandra, Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India, p 466 and T?. 166 K Marx, "The Future Results of British Rule ia India" (1853), A) tides on India, pp 70-72; On Colonialism, pp 79-81.