42 SOCIAL SCIENTIST and Pakistani Residents (Citizenship) Act (no.3 of 1949) were used, it was said, to sieve out the possibility. Siv Ivor Jennings, attempting a rationale, wrote, in reference to the citizenship rules, which conferred that status, mainly, on a 'person born in Ceylon if his father, or both his paternal grand-father and his paternal great-grandfather, were born in Ceylon,' These peculiar citizenship law are due to the fact that 'there are in Ceylon some 800,000 persons of recent Indian descent, many of whom regard India.... as their home and who intend to return to that home in due course. In order to sort out those who have an 'abiding interest' in Ceylon from those who have not, and at the same time to avoid the complications involved in determining domicile, a substantial period of residence with wife and children has been prescribed. Since many of those who are in truth "Indian" have children born in Ceylon who eventually return with their parents to India, citizenship is based not on birth but on descent9. In the circumstances, the bulk of the Plantation Tamils continued to preserve the remnants of their caste affiliations and rituals, in case of a rainy day; though, as part of a semi-industrialised, agri-business community, they would have been expected to forge non-caste relationships. The fugitive caste system among the Tamils, refers to the erstwhile scavenging labourers of some of the local government bodies in Ceylon. Of small numbers, they were assured of regular, though small, pay. They had settled down among the slum dwellers of Colombo and other towns. In course of time, they had improved their dresses, sent their children to schools, acquired such household equipment as sewing machines. At first they launched organisations, meetings and PR strategy, calling themselves, Arundathiyar (the sacrificers and the selfless)10. It became a burden on them, however, while the high-caste men were willing to accept their rhetoric, they were averse to accept them as equals and colleagues. The Arunthathiyar dropped this procedure, and decided to 'pass5, through higher education of their children and better 'table manners'. (In Sri Lanka, there are no official quotas for those of deprived castes). This new approach has been more successful, partly due to the fact that scavenging in most towns is mechanized and even high-caste men take this up as an occupation. Between the Sinhalese caste systems, as a whole and the Tamil caste systems, together, there are major differences, which need to be stressed. These are, schematically,