THE RIGHT POLITICS TO COME 20 Harold Perkin, in his The Rise of Professional Society ( London, 1989) makes this distinction between the economic basis of the two main kinds of professionals and their political proclivities. Colin Leys and Leo Panitch in their The End of Parliamentary Socialism (London, 1998) discuss the social basis of the rise of New Labour. My own Intellectuals and Socialism : 21 Herbert Kitschelt with Anthony McGann, The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis, Ann Arbor, 1997, p. 23 22 See R. Vidyasagar, "New Agrarianism and Challenges for the Left" in T.V. Satyamurthy (ed.) Class Formation and Political Transformation in Post-colonial India, New Delhi, 1996; and T.J. Byres, "Land Reform, Industrialization and the Marketed Surplus: An Essay on the Power of Rural Bias", David Lehmann (ed.) Agrarian Reform and Agrarian Reformism, London, 1974. 23 Prabhat Patnaik, "A Perspective on the Recent Phase of India's Economic Development", Whatever Happened to Imperialism and Other Essays, Delhi, 1995. 24 K.Balagopal,, "An Ideology for the Provincial Propertied Class", Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XXII, Nos. 36 and 37, September 5-12, 1987, p. 1546-7. 25 Ibid. Formerly Marxist, Gail Omvedt and Chetana Galla's riposte ('-'An Ideology for a Provincial Propertied Class?" Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XXII, no. 45, November 7 1987) making the argument that these movements reflected the interests not only of capitalist farmers, but of all engaged in agriculture, including landless labourers, reflects the depth of the political confusion caused by the rhetoric the farmers' movements 26 Arno Mayer, The Dynamics of Counterrevolution in Europe: 1870-1956: An Analytic Framework, New York, 1971, p. 42. 27 Peter Gowan, The Global Gamble: Washington's Faustian Bid for World Dominance, London, 1999 28 Leo Panitch, in particular, has insisted on this in, among others, "The State in a Changing World", Monthly Review, Vol. 50, no. 5, October 1998 antj,, more recently, in "The New Imperial State" New Left Review (n.s.) 2, March-April 2000. 29 Prabhat Patnaik, C.P. Chandrashekher and Abhijit Sen, "The Proliferation of the Bourgeoisie and Economic Policy" in T.V. Satyamurthy (ed.), Class Formation and Political Transformation in Post-Colonial India, New Delhi, 1996 30 Etienne Balibar, "Es gibt keinen Staat in Europa" in New left Review 186, March-April 1991, p. 13. 31 Ibid., p. 17. 32 Eric Hobsbawm, Age of Extremes, New York, 1994, p. 112. 33 Kalecki, p. 104 34 Mayer considers the following types: pre-emptive, posterior, accessory, disguised, anticipatory, externally licensed and externally imposed.