COLLECTIVE MASTERY IN KERALA 2 'Not Yet a Bengal Tiger/ The Economist, 30 September 1995, pp. 35-36. 3 Paul M. Sweezy and Charles Bettelheim, On the Transition to Socialism, New York: Monthly Review Press, 1971, p. 40. 4 V. I. Lenin, Tolitical Report to the Central Committee of the RCP (B),' Collected Works, Moscow: Progress Publishers, vol. 33, pp. 263-309. It is crucial that we recognize that the entire gamut of communists in this period recognized the harsh reality of the construction of a socialist society. Trotsky's fear of 'secretarial bureaucratism* is an indication of this recognition (the point is cogently made in Trotsky's 1923 letter to the Central Committee, and collected in Leon Trotsky, Challenge of the Left Opposition, New York: Pathfinder, 1975). 5 Ho Chi Minh, Tolitical Report Read at the National Conference of the Viet Nam Workers' Party held in February 1961,' Selected Works, Hanoi: Foreign Language Publishing House, 1961, vol. 3, p. 255. I Le Duan, 'Bringing into full play the right to Collective Mastery,' On the Right to Collective Mastery, Hanoi: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1980, pp. 15-16. 7 Le Duan, 'Promote Socialist Legality, Ensure the People's Right to Collective Mastery (Speech to the National Conference of the Central Branch, 22 March 1967),' On the Right to Collective Mastery, p. 87. 8 A useful, if now dated, summary can be found in Janette Habel, Cuba: The Revolution in Peril, London: Verso, 1991, and for a more recent account, see Peter Roman, People's Power: Cuba's Experience with representative government, Boulder: Westview Press, 1999. 9 On which see, among others, Zygmunt Bauman, Globalization: The Human Consequences, New York: Columbia University Press, 1998. 10 Amartya Sen and Jean Dreze, India: Economic Development and Social Opportunity, New Delhi: OUP, 1995, pp. 54-55. V. K. Ramachandran, 'Kerala's Development Achievements,' Indian Development: Selected Regional Perspectives, Ed. Jean Dreze and Amartya Sen, New Delhi: OUP, 1996. 11 As evidence for this, I recommend S. Vishwanathan, 'Limiting People's Power,' Frontline, vol. 17, no. 14, 8-21 July 2000, on Tamil Nadu and the limitations of the local government initiatives. 12 I cover this ground in 'NGO Anthropology,' Left Curve, no. 23, 1999, pp. 72-81, but also see Tessa Morris-Suzuki, 'For and Against NGOs: The Politics of the Lived World,' New Left Review, 2, March/April 2000, pp. 63-84. 13 Parvathi Menon, 'Empowering Women,' Frontline, vol. 17, issue 13, June 24-July 7,2000. Also see Aarti Dhar, 'Political Will Changes Women's Status in Rural Kerala,' The Hindu, 6 June 2000. 14 For a sympathetic assessment of Aruna Roy and MKSS, see Rajni Bakshi, Bapu Kuti, New Delhi: Penguin, 1998, pp. 23-87. 15 For a balanced look at the rebellion, see Benedict J. Kerkvliet, The Huk Rebellion: a study of peasant revolt in the Philippines, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.1 would have been less measured had I written this book. 16 T. J. Nossiter, Marxist State Governments in India, London: Pinter, 1988, p. 108.7