56 SOCIAL SCIENTIST secretary's time which I am paying for. Ms J: If I stopped being active in EFW, I would become active in some other women's rights organization. (What has been the effect of EFW participation of your life ?) Well, it wrecked my career in (local governmental administration.) Yet even in these last two cases it is not entirely clear that volunteering is such a sacrifice. For these professional women as for the six others in this sample who found salaried work through EFW (just as for working men) volunteer work can provide contacts and visibility in the community that will be useful in a paid career. In general, and in line with the ideology of EFW, the path of success in volunteer work should lead to or enhance a woman's salaried career if she wishes one. Most generally, the greater their efforts toward ending sex discrimination, the more successful these women feel. In this sense, success in the EFW hierarchy is of secondary importance. However, this success is quite important for those six or seven women in the sample without other professional careers from which to draw their sense of identity. And the hope remains that EFW participation will eventually lead to salaried work. In reviewing these two groups of volunteers, one of the clearest differences between them is the concern for involvement in salaried work. Women of EFW differ strongly from Community Leaders in emphasis on the importance of success in work. But the emphasis on the importance of recognition for self-esteem is common in both groups. Both EFW and Community Leaders agree that women often need to develop a sense of identity as something more than mother, wife and homemaker. This sense of identity, as someone recognized in the larger community as a person of usefulness and worth, is an important consequence of success in volunteering; and both EFW and Community Leaders speak of it this way. Both groups of women are also allied in their belief that volunteering is an important contribution to the society whether or not persons are paid additionally for their other work efforts. These two types of careers suggest the importance of the study of non-salaried work for the sociology of work and occupations. For, in a cash-nexus society like our own, one good way to study commitment to a task (a true calling) is to observe the dedication of non-salaried workers.