70 SOCIAL SCIENTIST as are feasible within the present economic system and can also serve as immediate slogans for rallying Muslim masses behind the left and democratic movement. As measures that may be proposed, the following are suggested for consideration: 1 A general directive that in filling Class IV, police, and other non-technical posts in administration on a state or district basis (whichever is feasible) Muslims should be recruited broadly in proportion to their percentage in population. This may also be done in the public sector undertakings. 2 For granting licences or awarding contracts to firms, government should set fair employment criteria, including employment of Muslims (together with, or after, scheduled castes and backward classes). To some extent, this has been done even in the United States of America for employment of Black labour. 3 Minimum reservation of seats for Muslims in educational and technical institutions on the lines of reservation instituted in Kerala by the first Communist-led government. 4 Undertaking special schemes for assisting craftsmen, through easy credit and subsidies, and protection for contract labour by law. 5 Declaration of Urdu as the second official or regional language in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Delhi. (This was specifically mentioned in the CPI (M)'s Election Manifesto, 1967.) 6 Urdu as an alternative medium of instruction to be enforced effectively at the school level, and extended to colleges and universities in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. At the same time, Hindi should be popularized among Muslims. 7 All propaganda exciting hatred against any religious community to be effectively prohibited. Secularization of the content of text books, especially for schools. 8 Effective measures for suppressing riots. The objective behind these measures is to end the more obvious forms of discrimination against Muslims and to initiate the removal of educational backwardness from which they suffer. In so far as these steps improve their position in employment, the Muslims will also obtain some economic relief. When the working-class movement raises the demand for these measures as part of its day-to-day work, it is bound to make an appeal to Muslim masses in general, and particularly to such as are even now drawn to it through the struggles for class deminds (by Trade Unions or Kisan Sabhas), but are yet politically linked to the Congress or the communal parties. But even with correct slogans to put forward, the shift will not be automatic. On the other hand, we have to conduct a conscious ideological struggle against the forces of Muslim communalism. Owing