36 SOCIAL SCIENTIST government to keep down an-i ultimately strangle a competitor." rf. Dantwala" Poverty in India: Then and Now, 1870-1970, Bombay 1973. Karl Marx was most critical of the British commercial policy in India. See his Articles on India, Bombay 1943. To quote him: "The East India trade underwent very serious revolutions, altgether ahoering the positions of the different interests in England. The milliocracy had acquired ascendency over the aristocracy and money cracy. India, the great workshop of cotton manufacturers for the world since lime immemorial, became now inundated with English twists and cotton stuff after its own produce was excluded from England, or only admitted on the most cruel terms. British manufactures were poured into it at small or merely nominal dutv to the ruin of native fabrics once so celebrated." cf. Dantwala, op cit., p 10. 20 Helgc Hveem, "The Global Dominance System: Notes on a Theory of Global Political Economy*^, Journal of Peace Research, vol 10, 1973, pp 3t9-UO. The table is taken from this source. 21 Ibid., pp 320-1. 22 I have summ irized Hvcem's conclusions. Ibid, pp3^6-7. Also see Kla'»s Jurgen Gantzel^'Dependency Structures as the Dominant Patterns in World Society", Journal of Peace Research,\o\ i0 1973, pp 20^-2 15, and Dieter ^en^has, "Conflict Formations in Contemporary International Society'5, Journal of Peace Research, vol 10, 1973^ pp 163-184. 28 Hveem, op cit, p 336. s4 Gastavo Lagos, International Straf'ificaf'on arid Underdeveloped Countries, University of North Carolina Press, 1963, p 4. 86 Naoroji, of) cit., pp 5 2-53. 26 Hveem, of) cit., p 337. 27 tt is not possible to list all the author3 who have applied monocausal approach to analysis of India's foreign policy. A few works may he mentioned -here: Bimal Prasad, The Origin! of Indian Foreign Policy, Calcutta 1962; Michael Brecher, India and the World Politic1:: Krishna Menon's View of the World, London 1968; Indians Foreign Policy, An Interpretation, (Mimeographed) New York; Norman Palmer and Bozeman in K P Misra (ed.) Studies in Indian Foreign Policy, Nrw Delhi 1^69; Karunakar Gupta. Indian Foreign Policy. In Dejence of rational Interest, The World Press Pvt. Ltd., 1969; K. Raman Pillai, India's Foffign Policy, Mcenakshi Prakashan, 19o9; and A Appadorai, Essays in Indian Politics and Fooeign Policy, New Delhi 1971. I have for reasons of convenience cited only a few references which deal with India'a foreign policy, but this may be true ofotlicr developing countries in which the individuals and their personalities hav^* been assigned the architectural roles. American authors like James N Roscnau and Richard C Snyder who have emphasized the importance of domestic variables have tended to view the socio-economic conditions from the vintage point of a country's military capability rather than their independent relation to needs aad aspirations of masses in these countries. See James N Rosenau, The Scientific Study of Foreign Policy, New York 1^71. Ro^enau has made a table of some domestic variables and has attached causalp riority to individuals in developing countries. Very few books or articles have in fact given sufficient importance to socio-economic conditions. 28 Sec Thomas Patrick Melady, Western Policy and the Third World, Hawthorn Books^ New York 1967, p 29. ?9 For contrary views, ^ee Leo Mates, Non-alignment: Theory and Current Policy, Belgrade W2. 80 Pardfsi, op. cit. 81 Very few countries had adopted the western democratic system as (ndia, Cevlon, Malaya, 'I unisia, Lebanon, Nigeria and Pakistan (in the beginning) did. Most of the countries came to be ruled by either a mass party like in Ghana or by civil or military coalitions as in Indonesia, Iran, Alg<-ria, Syria, and Jordan. In Mali, Upper