ORISSA'S ECONOMY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 39
There were instances of droughty famine., and damage to crops throu gh cyclones and floods. In many parts of Orissa^ particularly in the Garhjat areas, like Mayurbhanj and Keonjhar, the income of peasants tended to diminish with the declining productivity of land and the shrinkage in cultivation caused by the impaired river system, floods^, extensive rural depopulation (due to people going out in search of new lands at a cheaper rent) and enhanced rents through imposition of abwabs (extra imposts) particularly after 1873. It had been shown by Maddox that the enhancement of rents contributed to the divisi on of holdings. This is clear from tables IV and V.
AVERAGE TABLISIZE OF H \ IV OLDINGS (in acre -s)
< Cuttack Balasore Puri
Size Size incL Size of each of each nd ing w< of each village holding iste lands field: 301 1.26 304 1.86 324 1.82
(a) including waste plots (b) excluding waste plots 0.34 0.24 0.48 0.34 0.29 0.20
fOUHCL: Maddox Report, pp 1W-256.
The average actual area of land held by each individual ryot would considerably be in excess of the size of the average holdings which, for the individual ryot, was not more than 3 acres of land. The statistical results of the settlement had shown that the temporarily settled areas had about 8000 proprietors in 3571 estates. Table V shows the area of the estates.
T ABLE V
AREA ( JF ASSESSED LAND AND i TOTAL Ju^ IMA
District Total area Cultivated Assessed Mufassal Sadar or Amount
(acres) area area jumma revenue (Rs)
(acres) (acres) or assets jumma
(Rs) (Per cent)
Cuttack 1174900 697000 621000 1121003 64 714000
Balasore 943993 554000 493200 575600 65 377290
Puri 499100 377000 302400 441600 66 292800
Total 2617993 1628000 1416600 2138200 65 1384190
SOURCE: Maddox Report, pp 219--/56.
The assets of these tenures and the revenue payable to the zamin-dars are shown in table VI which indicates the accumulation of vast arrears in each district.